Quebec Population

The Cree constitute the largest indigenous group in Canada, with over 200,000 members living in Canada alone . Scientists believe that the Cree descended from the people who crossed the Bering Strait during the last Ice age. Evidence suggests

The Métis indigenous group has faced many economic struggles, oppression, assimilation of their culture, and religious conflict in the past, as well as in the present. Currently, aboriginals in Canada, specifically the Métis, are dealing with lower employment rates, high levels of incarnation, lower income levels, and poorer education compared to non-aboriginal Canadians (Joseph, Bob. 2012.). The Métis reside all across Canada, but they are mainly in Manitoba, Alberta, and Saskatchewan as well as the surrounding area of the great lakes in Ontario. The Métis made their homes along the fur trade route since they heavily relied on the trade (The Métis

Aboriginals have made several contributions to Canadian history, which has helped improve one’s standard of living. They have helped with various things such as inventions, discoveries of plants, and have helped significantly in war efforts.

Quebec was founded by French settlers during the 16th century. It was then conquered by the British (known as the conquest of New France in 1760). “The Philosophy of the Enlightment” allowed Britain’s victory to treat the French people with dignity as both nations were civilized societies (source?). The British allowed the French occupants to maintain cultural aspects such as language and traditions (source?). In effect, The Quebec Act was published in 1974, in efforts to ensure loyalty from the French as the British government worried that the remaining French people would support the American Independent War (source?). The act was favourable for French people; allowing the continual practice of

The main dominations of most of the colonies of New England in 1680 to 1760 were Anglicanism and Congregationalism. However, new church movements were created such as Baptists, Methodists, Quakers, and much more. These religions were sometimes called “Dissenters” because they were descendants of Protestantism. There were very many complications within Christianity and an interesting one happened in Salem, Massachusetts.

From the Confederation of Canada, to present day, French Canadians have always thought that Canada's path towards the future should be embodied in a different manner. Several events in Canadian History have resulted in several heated feelings between French and English Canadians. Though the majority of English Speaking Canadians have tried to reconcile with French Canadians by making several attempts to mend their relationships, the question about the needs of French Canadians still exists. Through an extremely thorough analysis of several key sources, it is evident that the needs of French Canadians were, undoubtedly, not met, which shall be plainly and exhaustively proven through an in depth analysis of French Canadian Nationalism,

The primary source being used is a document by Annie Rollo Stagg titled “The importance of religion to woman”. Secondary sources include “the Role of the Church in New France”, “The People of New France”, “Business and Religion in the Age of New France, 1600-1760: Twenty-two Studies”, and “First Establishment of the Faith in New France”. I will argue that the church in post 1663 New France played an enormous part of the people residing there, especially women. The church was not a place for people to worship but politically, socially and economically influenced the post 1663 life in New France.

Martel demonstrates that new English nationalistic ideas (in response to immigration) brought new threats of assimilation towards this identity, particularly to French-Canadian citizens not living in Quebec.  French-Canadians, originally hesitant to colonize these Western Canadian areas were now encouraged to protect them as they saw these nations as isolated communities of French culture.  Finally, both Lacombe and Laplante demonstrate that when the Catholic Church had less influence on political and social institutions, the church became less of a defining concept of the French-Canadian identity.  These three, when grouped together, also provide a chronological overview of the rise and fall of Catholic influence among French-Canadian citizens.  Lacombe provides the reasons for the rise during the nineteenth century, and its subsequent decline in the early twentieth century.  Martel demonstrates how French-Canadian citizens were motivated to preserve their Catholic identity when they began to lose control of the Catholic dioceses outside Quebec during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Laplante explores the transition of Quebec to a more secular province in the 1960s, where the Catholic Church gave way for the province of Quebec to provide the national identity of French-Canadian citizens.

Quebec has made mistakes like building the Hydro-Quebec without the permission of natives on traditional land and by doing so, Quebec started to believe that if they left Canada in the first place, they could make their own laws without having to forcefully agree to the Constitutional Act. Even though Quebec is in Canada, they are not recognized as well as the English-Canadians because they are the ones who lead/control everything going on in the country no matter how many prominent people come from Quebec or how many Quebecois soldiers risk their lives at war for Canada. Canada has brought more harm to Aboriginals because they have purposely tried to discriminate other groups that are not English or British to get rid of them.(Research Publications, N/A, 54).

Between 1976 and 1981, nearly 20% of Quebec's Anglophones left the Province. 25% of this group were aged 20 - 34. As well, a number of head offices moved West, complaining of high taxes, language legislation etc. This, of course, had the effect of reducing the relative importance of the English-speaking population.

Second there is English Canadians who are the descendants of English, Welsh, Scottish, and Irish settlers, soldiers and immigrants who came to Canada from the 17th to the 20th century. Generations of these pioneers helped to bring British political institutions and traditions to Canada” ("The government of Canada," n.d., para. 1). However there is a ton of diversity and different religions that has expanded across their region. In the last 200 years many travelled and arrived there (The government of Canada," n.d.).

The population of Montreal in 1861 was 107,225 and the population of Quebec city was 59,700

Finally in 1867, the United Canadas joined two other British Colonies, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick to form the Dominion of Canada (McRoberts 1991, 413). French-Canadians continued to fight against assimilation and received autonomous privileges with exclusive jurisdiction over matters regarding its cultural distinctiveness***. Thus, the Francophone language and culture has always been at the forefront of Quebec priorities. Since Confederation, Quebec nationalist have felt that the Francophone language and culture has been at risk of assimilation by the rest of Canada. As a result, Quebec nationalism is fundamentally rooted in the preservation of the Francophone language and culture (Guiberneau 2006, 52). Political leaders in Quebec continuously urge for the recognition that Canada is composed of two nations or cultures (McRoberts 1991, 413). Prior to confederation Quebec enjoyed numerous autonomous privileges. Unfortunately, post-confederation Quebec did not enjoy as many autonomous privileges because Canada was created as a relatively centralized federation (Beland and Lecours 2007, 406). A centralized federation not only took several of these autonomous powers away from Quebec, but it also threatened the Francophone language and culture (Beland and Lecours 2007, 406). With this said, Quebec nationalism has placed a great deal of pressure on the federal government to decentralize, giving more powers to provincial governments.

A consensus that was acquired in 2011 estimates that there are about 1.4 million First Nations in Canada. However, First Nation population before European contact is unknown with estimates varying from 200 000 to 2 million people. Most people will argue that European contact helped First Nations grow their population, but that is not exactly true. To find out the effects of European contact to First Nations population, we

Originating from dates all the way back to 500A.D. these people ran the land and cultivated