Question 1. A Fundamental Standard, The New Zealand International

IASB. 2010, "The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting" IFRS, pp. A21- A38, viewed 23 April 2014,

Corporate governance is a set of actions used to handle the relationship between stakeholders by determining and controlling the strategic direction and performance of the organization. Corporate governance major concern is making sure that the strategic decisions are effective and that it paves the way towards strategic competitiveness. (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2017, p. 310). In today’s corporation, the primary objective of corporate governance is to align top-level manager’s and stakeholders interest. That is why corporate governance is involved when there is a conflict of interest between with the owners, managers, and members of the board of directors (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2017, p. 310-311).

6. In the corporate form of ownership, the shareholders are the owners of the firm. The shareholders elect the directors of the corporation, who in turn appoint the firm’s management. This separation of ownership from control in the corporate form of organization is what causes agency problems to exist. Management may act in its own or someone else’s best interests, rather than those of the shareholders. If such events

Internal Controls XACC/280 4/21/2013 There are many rules companies must follow whenever documenting financial information or any other data which is gather during any business transactions. In order for said companies to report financial information internal controls have to be put in place as companies have to adhere to certain laws and regulations. Internal controls can be defined as a process which companies follow in order to ensure all financial reporting is done in a reliable and lawful manner. Some think of it as a system which works within a system as it plays a major role on the success of a company’s accounting system. At the organizational level, internal control objectives relate to the reliability of financial

Financial controls play an important role in ensuring the accuracy of reporting, eliminating fraud and

As part of this process, reciprocal accounts and intra-entity transactions must be adjusted or eliminated to ensure that all reported balances truly represent the single entity” (Hoyle, n.d.). The consolidation process varies depending if the business combo took place as a statutory merger/consolidation or if the companies remained as separate legal entities. With mergers/consolidations, consolidation should occur annually because the accounts of the parent and subsidiary were brought together permanently. With separate entities, the consolidated process starts brand new annually since there’s no permanent consolidation. So if the firm goes this route they’d have to consolidate each year through the use of worksheets. Attached is a demonstration of the worksheet that would be

Cruz  5 States. Companies should report income, liability, equity, and assets. Many people (stockholders, investors, etc.) who have a stake in the company want to know this information before providing a service. In this paper, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) will be compared for

You will produce a report that justifies and evaluates the tools and frameworks that you used in completion of Assignment 1.

2.1 AASB101 This standard outlines the presentation of financial statements for general purpose financial statements, in order to ensure that there is compariablity between the entities reporting periods as well as between other industries reports. The standard discusses the minimum requirement for reporting content and guidelines for the structure in which it is to be set at. Paragraph 117-124 distiguishes the disclosure of accounting policies in relation to judgement. Management’s judgement made in applying accounting policies that may have effected significant amounts found in financial statements and the financial position. Seen in paragraph 125-133 ‘Sources Of Estimation Uncertainty’, it is vital that entities disclose the key assumptions made regarding future prospects and other uncertain estimates that are used in identifying carrying amounts of assets and liabilities. Along side this, the nature and carrying amount must be disclosed at the reporting date.

IFRS requires that any assumptions and estimates made should be reasonable under the prevailing circumstances. The management is required to make substantial and reasonable estimates and assumptions of the amounts that should be disclosed in the financial statements. However, the extent of subjectivity is controlled by the requirements and guidelines outlined in IFRS 10. The management should ensure that the consolidated financial statements are in accordance with the IFRS 10 guidelines (Kirk, 2005).

uses the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles as a regulatory requirement for managing financial resources. These are the guidelines and practices that are accepted in the field of accounting internationally in standardizing financial documents such as balance sheets, cash flow statements and income statements. The organization follows these principles in reporting its financial information. The absence of these standards would give the organization staff the privileges in divulging financial information at their individual expense and not at the company’s thus affecting its overall credibility to investors and

Consolidated financial statements require preparation of a three-part consolidated worksheet consisting of a balance sheet, income statement and statement of retained earnings which aides in combining the amounts of the separate companies and allows for adjustments necessary to combine balances to reflect the amounts that will essentially be reported as

FASB and IFRS Standards Up to Date Michael Walker ACC 498 April 13, 2016 FASB and IFRS Standards Up to Date Indubitably, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) create and are sets of, respectively, governing bodies in today’s business world. FASB and IFRS both are constantly updating to meet and accommodate the ever changing world presently. Changes are not easy, but necessary to keep up with reform and accommodate a setting of efficiency and meet the demand of prosperity. Such reforms are prudent in order to better harmonize the accounting world and create less conflicts in reporting issues. FASB main focus is to help create generally accepted accounting

1. The final responsibility for the integrity of an SEC registrant’s internal controls lies on the management team. U.S. companies need to refer to a comprehensive framework of internal control when assessing the quality of financial reporting to determine that financial statements are being presented under General Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP. The widely used framework is referred as COSO, Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, sponsored by the following organizations American Accounting Association, the American Institute of CPA’s, Financial Executives International, the Institute of Internal Auditors, and the Institute of Management Accountants. COSO’s defines internal control as:

Hansmann and Kraakman argue that, as a matter of norms, efficiency and fact, the world continues to converge around “the ‘standard shareholder-oriented model’ of the business corporation.” 
 Henry Hansmann & Reinier Kraakman, ‘The End of History for Corporate Law’ 89 Georgetown LJ 439 (2001) Critically assess this claim with reference