Question Sheet for We Shall Remain Episode Four Geronimo Essay

In chapter five of “Occupied America, A History of Chicanos,” Acuna explains the colonization of New Mexico and the economic changes that the people had to go

The Mexican American War began on April 25, 1846. The war lasted two years losing many men on both sides. The Mexican war was the third major fought by the United States. In 1810, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla triggers the beginning of Mexico’s fight for independence from Spain. Mexico gained its independence in 1821 after a long and bloody revolution against Spain. For Mexico, the war between them and the United States was a fight to keep their institutions and national integrity intact, to protect themselves from present and future aggressions by the Americans, but more than anything else, the war was a struggle for land. In the early days of the republic, most Americans made their living by farming, so in 1803

In the year 1881, the Apache kid enlisted in the U.S. cavalry as an indian scout. This was a job in which he had to scout out the mountains looking for places that the army could camp. He was rather good at what he did and he was promoted to sergeant in 1882, just a year after enlisting. The Kid went on some very historic journeys with General Cook. The most famous trek he was apart of was the expedition of the Sierra Madre mountains while on the Geronimo Campaign in

America along with the roles that they played in the war. During this time, they joined both the

Despite that, the United States government told the Indians that they would not invade their lands. They soon heard that the Indians had fertile land and decided to allow settlers to move west. “After hearing tales of fertile land and a great mineral wealth in the West, the government soon broke their promises established in the Treaty of Fort Laramie by allowing thousands of non-Indians to flood into the area.”. (Victoriana) To make more land available to the settlers the government had to make reservations that would separate the Indians from the whites. In exchange for the Indians moving to

came back and helped kill over 10,000 Aztecs and in the act, thousands of Spaniards died. Suddenly, Cortes started

He was there to serve his people, and he would defend them and their rights until justice was served. One risk taken was when he entered as the first Indian to take foot inside the school at Carlisle, Pennsylvania.

In the summer of 1858, when he was near the age of 30 he accompanied his tribe to trade. They made camp a short distance from a town. When most of the men rode into town to barter with the citizens, they left only a small guard over their possessions, wives, and children. On their way back they encountered fugitive women from their tribe who told them Mexicans raided the camp. The Mexicans stole their ponies and valuables and killed most of the women and children. The tribe separated and approached the camp from different directions. The information was true. Geronimo found his wife, three children and mother killed.

Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer led an Army expedition in the Black Hills (present-day South

The Apache were one of the most feared Native American nations in the American Southwest, and even today they are one of the most well-known and publicized tribes. In 1871, legal documentation submitted from the Territory of Arizona alone recorded 25 pages of sworn affidavits attesting to the Apache outrages from 1869 to 1870 alone. The Apache reputation as fierce warriors, capable of extreme acts of violence and torture, was known across the nation and internationally. Close to home, the Apache had an entrenched conflict with Mexico, characterized by each side antagonizing the other and escalating hostilities, long before representatives of the US government and military made their bid to civilize the American Southwest. The

1. Briefly describe the way of life of the Apache. How much was the Mexican government willing to pay for Apache scalps?

In Letter from Governor Edmund Ross of New Mexico to President Grover Cleveland, Governor Edmund Ross wrote to President Grover Cleveland regarding the white resident’s reactions towards Geronimo’s escape from military custody and Ross’ attempt to further convince the government to rid and even potentially kill off some of the American Indian tribes surrounding their settlements. Despite their small number, which was had a population of “less than five hundred”[ Kent McGaughy, American Perspectives: Readings in American History, Volume 2 (New York City: Pearson Education, Inc., 2015), Page 80] people, the white settlers felt uneasy about the fact that they lived in such close proximities to the tribes and that if some of the tribes (particularly, the Chiricahua and the Warm Springs bands of the Apaches group) were removed, they would feel safer and that the removal of the tribes would have a positive and tranquil impact on their territories and industries as they believed the American Indians were “at constant war with the white race”[ McGaughy, Page 80] and that those wars and raids hindered the settler’s way of life.

11. What was DuBois’s main contention with the ideology guiding the work of Booker T. Washington?

1898. He served as a veteran of the Battle of San Jacinto and contributed in the Somervell

He dreamt about the day when his kids would be able to live a life where they would not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. He had the vision of the day when every school would be desegregated and little white boys and little white girls would be able to join hands with little black boys and little black girls.