4. Discussion
4.1 Chilling injury index
We previously reported that a 15-d period of cold storage at 5 °C was enough to develop CI symptoms in mature-green tomato fruit cv. Imperial (Vega-García et al., 2010). In agreement with those results, in the present study we observed CI symptoms after the fruit was stored 10 d at 5 °C, but they were more intense after 15 d of cold storage (Fig. 2). As expected, tomato fruit stored at 12 °C did not show CI symptoms (Malacrida et al., 2006; Bojórquez-Gálvez et al., 2010; Vega-García et al., 2010). The highest increase in CI index was observed after 10 d of storage at 5 °C, suggesting that the major events leading to the CI symptoms occurred within this period, at least under the conditions used in the present study. Similar results were obtained by Zhao et al. (2009) in tomato fruit stored at 2 °C for 15 d, who reported that after 10 d of storage the CI index was 3 or 4 times higher than that observed after 5 d. In a similar way, Ding et al. (2001) observed that tomato fruit stored at 5 °C showed the most dramatical changes before the first 2 weeks. Nevertheless, the application of a HWT to the fruit prior to cold storage provided tolerance to CI, resulting in lower CI index values than those of non-HWT fruits.
Several studies have reported the effectiveness of HWT to decrease CI symptoms in diverse fruits. McDonald et al. (1999) found that application of HWT at several time and temperature conditions in tomato cv. Sunbeam decreased
When the final readings were recorded, the stoppers were removed. The Mung beans seeds were carefully removed as well and weighed on the scale. All data from the 5-minute interval at 40 minutes total, were recorded. This included both treatments. The means of the data were taken down and plotted into a line graph. The slope of the lines were calculated and presented in figure 1.
We used a spectrophotometer to measure how much blue light energy is absorbed by benzoquinone. As the product solution gets browner that means the more benzoquinone was produced. We used the change in absorbance over a period of time was used to calculate the average reaction rate of catechol oxidase when exposed to different temperatures and pHs. We hypothesized that the benzoquinone absorbance rate would be faster when the pH added to the cuvettes were greater than the pH of the potato tissue. Our second hypothesis states that we believe that enzymatic reaction rates would have the slowest reaction at 80 degrees Celsius, slightly faster at 4 degrees Celsius, moderate at 37 degrees Celsius, and the fastest at 25 degrees Celsius. We based our hypothesis on the fact that potatoes grow in temperatures around 25 degrees Celsius better than any other temperatures. Therefore, we think that catechol oxidase activity would be higher when the temperature is around 25
The principal objective of this study was to determine how temperature affects the activity of
Cubensis, and Pans./Cops., mexicana, tampanensis, and all the other subtropicals, require no COLD SHOCKING. They really don 't require any kind of major temperature change. I think the internal temperature change from Jar, to casing is sufficient. Maintaining a constant temperature of 80 F throughout the grow cycle: germination, vegetative, and fruiting. You still get fruits.
In early findings of experiments performed by a group of USDA scientists, deficit irrigation (reduced H2O), produced either equal to better quality fruit after two underwatered years.
Polyphenol oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of phenolic compounds into dark pigments (Sukhonthara et al., 2016) Inhibitors that could stop the polyphenol oxidase from catalyzing could stop the browning from occurring. Catechol oxidase is an enzyme that is found in most fruits and vegetables. It is known to enable the browning of cut fruits or vegetables by catalyzing a reaction between catechol and oxygen. The result of this reaction happening would be polyphenol, the browning that occurs when fruits or vegetables are exposed to oxygen. In this experiment, we are measuring different compounds that inhibit catechol oxidase from catalyzing benzoquinones.
In order to observe the effects of the various temperature manipulations, the test was performed six times at various temperatures. For this test the beets were placed into separate non permeable plastic bags and were then completely submerged in several water baths set at the temperatures of -25ºC, 5ºC, 25ºC, 45ºC, 65ºC and 85ºC for 2 minutes each. Once the plastic bags were removed from the baths, the beet discs themselves were removed and then placed into different test tubes of water with the temperatures set at room temperature for fifteen minutes. The test tubes underwent vigorous spinning by a vortex machine every five minutes to allow for maximum leakage results per beet disk manipulation. Once the beets sat in the water for fifteen minutes, 2mL of the surrounding solvent was poured into a cuvette to be measured with the spectrophotometer.
The reason I am interested in this research is this can help me when I grow my own plants, and that it can help people growing plants that have to be grown in humid climates or have to be grown in small areas. Plants are incredibly hard to grow and this project will help people in the future. I have made a hypothesis about this before, and I didn’t have the right info to prove it before, but with this project, I can get the information. Another reason I am interested in this project is that I wanted to see if parsley or cilantro would grow better in these conditions. I hope to achieve results that prove growing plants with closed jars makes them grow better than opened jars.
Step 1: Written observation of the symptoms of the fruit and signs of the pathogen.
Tomatoes: Have been constructed for longer shelf life and to prevent bacteria and funguses that can cause tomatoes to rot and degrade. In research conducted on the safety of
If your commercial freezer isn't freezing and you need to get it working right away, here are five things you can check on while waiting for your technician to arrive. Having a commercial freezer down can cost your business a lot of money, which is why you should try to troubleshoot what is wrong even before the technician arrives.
The marketing and storage of perishable foodstuffs can be delayed by using treating them with methods that will slow or halt enzymatic activity. We experimented as to whether or not varied concentrations of sodium chloride, NaCl had any effect on the activity of catechol oxidase, an enzyme found in potatoes. A serial salt-water dilution was made, a potato homogenate made, and buffered catechol oxidase added. The solutions were placed in a spectrophotometer and the light absorbance for each recorded. The higher concentrations of salt, around 20% solution, reduced enzyme activity. We concluded that general increases in the amount of salt molecules in the solution negatively affected the enzymatic activity of the catechol oxidase and markedly
Results Table 1: The Effect of Temperature on the Brownness of Bananas Banana Temperature Time in Environment Average Absorbance Range of Absorbance A Refrigerator (8 degrees Celsius) 9.5 hours 0.1336 .089-.192 B Room Temperature 9.5 hours 0.057 .048-.067 C Toaster Oven (94 degrees Celsius) 25 minutes 0.0624 .053-.075 Figure 1: The Effect of Temperature on the Average Absorbance (AU) of Bananas
Imagine if one is struck with a life threatening disease and they were just at the start of developing themselves and striving for their aspirations. A 14-year-old girl in the UK was diagnosed with cancer and she had the desire to live longer but knew she could not. She found hope in a future life when she discovered an alternative to death, which was cryogenic preservation, and she wishes that with this process, once revival, she would be cured from her cancer (Bowcott). Cryopreservation is a new discovery that should be morally accepted as it will help create advances in science and it is a voluntarily option for people who are will to have, taken into consideration the ethical opinions.
Water availability, sunlight, fertilization and chemical applications are some of the pre-harvest factors which not only affect crop growth but also internal quality characteristics of the harvested product, including flavor. Pre-harvest treatment with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) suppressed volatile production in pears by 50% and heavy rains prior to harvest dilute flavor compounds in tomato (Romani R, 1983).