Questions On Materials And Methods

This exercise is aimed at giving a better understanding of the process of osmosis by analyzing how the decalcified eggs behave under different experimental conditions. The shell-less eggs used represented a model for a living cell and its selectively (semi) permeable membrane.

To identify red blood cells, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, sickle cell anemia and leukemia.

To test the blood, we first dropped two drops of blood into two spots in a micro-well plate, then we added the appropriate serum to both and mixed with a small stick. One side was labeled A, for the A Anti-Serum, and one was labeled B. If the A blood clotted it meant that the A antigen was found, and likewise with B. If both clotted the blood type was AB, and if neither clotted the blood was type O. Some errors made

On the two maps U.S. Military Engagements Abroad 1789-1860,and U.S. Trade Partners 1783-1860, a lot of the trade routes line up in the same places.Why are trade and war occurring in the same places?What makes war occur what makes trade so popular around war?Military and trade partner maps is aligned way to often for them not to have something to do with each other.

Hematocrit is the proportion of total blood volume that is composed of erythrocytes (red blood cells). Hematocrit levels vary depending on what altitude the jarak is accustom to. Some rainforest can be as low 900 meters above sea level, or they can be as high as 1,500 meters above sea level. Jaraks in lower altitudes have a hematocrit of 49% in males and 46% in female. These levels increase with altitude due to the lesser amount of oxygen in the air. For every 100 meters the jarak rises in altitude their hematocrit levels increase by 1%. A male jarak at 1,500 meters has a hematocrit level of 55%, and a female jarak has a hematocrit level of 52%.

Students received the same 1x10-2M stock solution of their assigned insecticide. A serial dilution was conducted by combining 200µL of the 1x10-2M stock solution and 1.8mL of DMSO into a test tube and was labeled 1x10-3M. A 200µL sample of the 1x10-3M solution and 1.8mL of DMSO was placed into two glass test tubes created two 1x10-4 solutions. Four filters were cut to fit inside plastic cups. The two 1x10-4solutions were applied to two of the cut filters. The remaining two filters were saturated with 2mL of DMSO as the control. The four filters dried for approximately 30 minutes. Four plastic cups were labeled: Adult 1x10-4, Adult control, Juvenile 1x10-4, Juvenile control. The dry filters were placed into the designated plastic cups. Five

Spiking of soil with copper sulphate signficantly affected the survival of subadult C. aspersus snails. Adult specimens exhibited higher mortality percentages at 30, 44, and 70 days (between 46.20% and 60.20%) after being sprayed with 5% and 10% solutions of the same salt (Schwartz and Capatos, 1990). These results clearly show that copper sulfate is highly toxic to land snails. The death rates of controls were similar at 30 and 60 days post-exposure, and as a result, environmental factors appear not to influence mortality distribution between these time points. There is also evidence to suggest that the level of the initial exposure dose in snails previously exposed to contaminated soils may be an important factor contributing to tolerance

The eggs were each individually placed in one of the beakers and were taken out and weighed every 15 minutes for 60 minutes. Weighing the eggs helped to test the process of osmosis by finding out the mass before and after soaking in water, this will dictate whether water has moved in or out of the egg.

Can be performed on either a blood smear sample or a hemocytometer using a standard microscope system. for a hemocytometer, the gridded area is scanned for the counting purpose, to identify the numbers of different white cells, a blood film is made, and a large number of white blood cells (at least 100) are counted. This gives the percentage of cells that are of each type. By multiplying the percentage with the total number of white blood cells, the absolute number of each type of white cell can be obtained. Although the manual method is more laborious and time consuming, it is useful in cases where automated analyzers cannot reliably count abnormal cells,

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of tonicity on a cell membrane using red blood cells, potato strips and three unknown solutions (A, B, C). First three slides were prepared containing RBC’s and unknown solutions A, B and C. A control slide was prepared only using RBC’s. After observing each slide under the microscope it was determined that unknown solution A was hypertonic because the RBC appeared to have shrunk. The RBC in unknown solution B appeared to be swollen, therefor, the tonicity of unknown solution B was hypotonic. Unknown solution C showed no change to the RBC shape, it was suggested that unknown solution C was isotonic. To confirm the tonicity

Procedure: The Venous blood was centrifuged. The plasma and leucocytes layer was separated. The erythrocyte sediments were washed 3 times with isotonic NaCL.

The experimenters saw sixteen Neutrophils out of one hundred white blood cells, thirteen Eosinophils, seven Basophils, fifty five Lymphocytes, and ten Monocytes. The percentages are 16% Neutrophils,13% Eosinophils, 7% Basophils, 55% Lymphocytes, and 10% Monocytes. Neutrophils normally consists of 40% to 70% of Leukocytes and Eosinophils normally consists of 2% to 4% of the Leukocytes. Basophils normally consists of less than 1% of Leukocytes and Lymphocytes normally consists of 25% or more of Leukocytes. Monocytes normally consists of 3% to 8% of Leukocytes.

4.15. The purpose of this investigation was to use our knowledge on osmosis and diffusion and apply it to a de-shelled egg and see how it reacts being submerged in a sodium chloride solution. The hypothesis was that the egg would expand and increase in both size and weight this is proven correct in the table of

A variety of human diseases are transmitted by vectors that have life cycles associated with various types of water bodies, including lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, reservoirs, and irrigated fields (Resh, V.H. Resh, Vector-Borne Diseases of Freshwater Habitats, In Encyclopedia of Inland Waters, edited by Gene E. Likens, Academic Press, Oxford, 2009, Pages 129-137 ). Snails are one of important members of many ecological communities. They have been important to humans throughout history as a source of food, jewellery, tools and even pets. Fresh water molluscs play significant role in public and veterinary health (Sharma). Identification of freshwater snails is of value because of their role as intermediate hosts of some parasites(Afshan). Some

World Health Organization (WHO) stated that the median lethal concentration (LC50) for any molluscicidal material must not surpass (100 ppm) (WHO, 1993). The present results showed that, match 5%EC (Lufenuron 5% EC) was toxic to B. alexandrina snails at LC50 2.04 mg/l (Table 1).