Questions On Symmetric Cipher And Encryption Algorithms

Encryption technique is the translation of data into a secret code that will prevent hackers or identity thieves from being able to break or read the data that is sent across the network.

A one-time pad is a encryption technique that utilises random letters combined with the plaintext to create a cipher text. For decryption you must have the original one time pad. Unbreakable if done properly.

When a fellow general received the message, he would wrap the paper around his corresponding scytale to decipher the message (Tyson 2014). Since the advent of computers though, encryption has become increasing important and relies almost solely on cryptographic means to secure information. When speaking about encryption today, it refers more to the process rather than the mathematical formulas used to scramble data. The basic idea behind encrypting a computer message is such that it is scrambled with a sequence of random bits, known as a key, and only parties with the corresponding key can transpose it back into a comprehensible format. These keys are created via a cipher, otherwise known as an algorithm. When a user sends a message, known as the plaintext, across a network, the computer applies an algorithm to the information to encode it, resulting in a ciphertext (Encryption Basics 2014). This method can be best summarized visually:

Encryption is the conversion of electronic data into another form, called cipher text, which cannot be easily understood by anyone except authorized parties. The primary purpose of encryption is to protect the confidentiality of digital data stored on computer systems or transmitted via the Internet or other computer networks. Modern encryption algorithms play

Data, often referred to as plaintext, is encrypted using an encryption algorithm and an encryption key. This process generates ciphertext that can only be viewed in its original form if decrypted with the correct key. Decryption is simply the inverse of encryption, following the same steps but reversing the order in which the keys are applied (Rouse, 2014).

Now, we encrypt the message by raising it to the eth power modulo n to obtain C, the cipher text. We then decrypt C by raising it to the dth power modulo n to obtain M again. Formally, we obtain these encryption and decryption algorithms for E and D:

Decryption is when the receiver decodes the information that has been sent to them. This is done with their own private key which only he has access to.

Encyption takes data and transforms it into unreadable jargon until a key is used to unlock or decrypt the data back to its original form. Due to its near infallibility, encryption is one the most best ways to secure data (Williams & Sawyer, 2015).

In the encryption process, the key management is the important factor to shows the how the data is encrypted. The symmetric algorithm uses a variable key length which is longer. So, the key management is a huge aspect in encryption processing for control operation of the cipher.

Type of operations used for transforming plaintext to cipher text. All encryption algorithms are based on two general principles. Those are substitution, in which each element in the plain text is mapped into another element and transposition in which elements in the plaintext are rearranged. The fundamental requirement is that no information be lost. Most systems referred to as product systems, involved multiple stages of substitution and transposition [2].

An encryption algorithm takes the original message and encodes it using the encryption key and creates an encrypted message. The only way to retrieve the original message is by decrypting the message using the encryption key. If the encryption key uses a 128-bit key is the same as saying that there are 128² possible key combinations. Algorithms are classified

First of all we have to find out what number stands for which letter in the alphabet. For this example we are going to be using A=01 and B=001 so for example C would have to equal 0001 and D would be 00001 and so on. Since we now have our rules for what numbers mean which letters we can move on to writing secret messages. With our given code we can now decipher any code, so then what would 0010100001 mean? It is easier to break down the code first. since all of our numbers end in 1 we can start there and example of this would be the following: 001,01,00001. Now that we have our code separated the final step is to look for what the numbers stand for in this case 01=A, 001=B and 00001=D so this must mean that BAD is our secret

Cryptography, at least in some form, has been around since 1900 BC where the first known evidence had been seen in an Egyptian tomb of a nobleman, Khnuhotep II. Here, there are unusual hieroglyphic symbols that the scribe used in the place of more ordinary ones that one would expect. It is thought that the purpose of changing these symbols, it was not to hide the message, but make it seem like it was more dignified. However, evidence of cryptography has been traced back to the most of the major early civilizations. Arthasharta, an ancient Indian treatise, helps tell of an espionage service and mentions secret writing that their spies had used on assignements. Julias Caesar also had his very own cipher. It was a form of encryption to relay secret messages to his generals that were on the war front. It is a substitution cipher, and the most widely mentioned in history. A substitution cipher is where a plain text message would have each character

Symmetric key encryption is where the key is used to not only encrypt a message but to decrypt it as well. This is also known as conventional and secret key encryption. Symmetric key encryption is rarely used due to the fact that the person who encrypts the information has to get the key to the person who decrypts the information. This is uncommonly used because if the key is intercepted by an unauthorized person, there can

Encryption is a method of converting plain text to cipher text using some base keys and