Questions on Double Taxation

* Corporations incur taxes at the corporate level at marginal rates; while, distributions to shareholders are taxed at dividend rate

income will be treated by the entity, the overall tax burden, and the effect of distributions of property or earnings from the entity to your client. (Note: Do not spend time addressing other types of business entities. Credit will only be given for discussion of the two business entities at issue.) (Points : 50)

The issues of taxation

* Two criteria to pay residency tax-rate: 1). Continue physical present in australia. 2). Minimum period for tax residency will be 180 days.

Please describe the concept of “double taxation” and discuss which entity(ies) are subject to this type of taxation. (5 pts)

One tax issue that presents no problem for a U.S. investor is the question of crediting taxes it has paid to a foreign country against taxes it would have to pay the U.S. on its federal return.

Managing assessment safe houses and different strategies utilized by rich people and expansive organizations to evade duty is significant; the measure of cash lost by creating nations to expense safe houses surpasses all universal advancement aid. This increments worldwide imbalance as well as implies that a higher extent of open consumption must be financed by citizens in lower pay bunches. In numerous nations tax assessment, has stopped to be fundamentally

A Federal Tax Law comprises of statutory provisions, administrative support and court decisions in certain cases. The first and foremost task of any Federal Tax Law is raising revenue for Federal and various state governments to absorb the cost of government operations. The role of social, economic, equity and political factors couldn’t be ignored while discussing various tax consequences during particular budget period. Nevertheless, the amount of revenue raised through this method decides the amount of services that the government can afford to provide. The forum topics for this week are explained in following broad heads:

The Main Characteristics of the Various Forms of Organizations / Entities Available to Penelope, Mark, and John

➢ Taxation – firms functioning when dealing with a different country the subject to that country’s laws and regulations.

The United States has income tax treaties with a number of foreign countries. Under these treaties, residents (not necessarily citizens) of foreign countries are taxed at a reduced rate, or are exempt from U.S. income taxes on certain items of income they receive from sources within the United States (IRS, 2015). These reduced rates and exemptions vary among countries and specific items of income. The US has bilateral income tax treaties with many global trading partners. Under the terms of those treaties, a company that establishes a taxable presence in a foreign country is understood to have created a permanent establishment. With few exceptions, a treaty must exist between the US and the foreign country for the concept to apply. If you are treated as a resident of a foreign country under a tax treaty, you are treated as a nonresident alien in figuring your U.S. income tax. For purposes other than figuring your tax, you will be treated as a U.S. resident. If you are a resident of both the United States and another country under each country 's tax laws, you are a dual resident taxpayer. If you are a dual resident taxpayer, you can still claim the benefits under an income tax treaty. The income tax treaty between the two countries must contain a provision that provides for resolution of conflicting claims of residence.

Swedish residents are subject to taxation on their worldwide income and capital gains. A foreign national is liable for tax if the individual is regarded as a resident in

The income earned by the U.S. individuals and corporations in the foreign countries or foreign source are taxed by the U.S. government, even though other countries also tax any income earned within their borders. To offset this double taxation of income by two different countries, the U.S. grants both individuals and corporations a foreign tax credit (FTC) that can be used to offset income taxes assessed by a foreign country on the income earned there (Foreign Tax Credit, FTC, n.d.). The FTC is allowable for foreign income taxes and other similar taxes, such as excess profit and war profit taxes. However, only income taxes qualify for the credit. The Value Added Taxes (VAT) and property, sales and severance taxes do not qualify, although they may be deductible.

The recent introduction of the hybrid entities has shielded the foreign firms from paying their appropriate taxes through the shielding of the taxable income and through using the foreign tax amounts on the other incomes (Messina, 2015). In this regard, only minimal taxes are remitted from the revenue generated by the local firms. Besides, people tend to evade tax charged on dividends and interests by not giving honest reports pertaining to the revenue generated abroad. Furthermore, individuals evade the taxes through transferring their funds to foreign accounts. Fortunately, the IRS can address the issue of tax evasion by changing the existing tax laws to remove the deductions and other restrictions, for instance, the foreign tax credits. Besides, it is vital to impose restrictions to curb tax evasion at a personal level through the desired policies of better information reporting and tougher penalties for the

Tax system is a legal system of imposing and collecting taxes from the citizens of the country. As it has been stated by Albert Einstein, the hardest task in the world is to understand the tax system of a country. The United States’ tax system is so complicated that its tax code contains almost 3 million words and 6,000 pages. Moreover, the taxes implied by city and state governments add more complexity to the federal taxation system. In this case, we do not need to understand the complexity of tax code system in order to get acquainted with the significant role of taxes in American society.