Quiz Case Study Answers

West Nile Virus has emerged in recent years throughout the temporate zones of Europe and North America. Causing a variety of conditions in its hosts, the most serious manifestation of WN virus infection is fatal encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) in humans and horses, and many birds.

Eighty percent, or four out of five, of individuals who are diagnosed with having West Nile Virus, have an asymptomatic case of the disease. This means that these people will not show any symptoms connected with West Nile Virus and the only way to find out it if they have the disease is to test for it. The West Nile test involves measuring the levels of the IgM antibody in the bloodstream, which can help to diagnose the disease. (CDC, 2005)

West Nile Virus (WNV) was originally detected from a woman in Uganda in 1937. WNV first appeared in the United States in 1999 in New York which was the first incident in the Western Hemisphere. WNV is a mosquito-borne virus (arbovirus). It is in the flavivirus family. WNV is a neurotropic virus. WNV is a member of the Japanese encephalitis virus. Severe encephalitis outbreaks in humans have been escalating. The means by which the virus gains access to the brain (also known as neuroinvasion) seems inadequately understood. Suggestions of the hypothesis of WNV leans towards the concept of blood-brain barrier disruption and retrograde axonal transport (Suen et al., 2014)

No one would have ever thought that a little bitty bug, with a painless bite could cause so much harm. This deadly virus was going around for awhile until it suddenly disappeared for about 20 years, causing everyone to make false assumptions that it was gone forever. Mosquitoes, the pesky bugs, will sooner, rather then later, become a threat once again.

The main point of the press release is to notify the public that the West Nile Virus has surfaced and is active. One of the sub-points is to inform the public of the current case and the number of cases over the years of people who have been infected with the West Nile Virus. Another sub-point is to give the description and signs of the West Nile Virus. Another sub-point is to notify the public where the West Nile Virus is coming from. Another sub-point what is causing the mosquitoes to breed and how to prevent the breeding of the mosquitoes to notify the public that there are two types of West Nile Virus. The West Nile encephalitis and the West Nile poliomyelitis are the two viruses the press release also notified the public of the signs and symptoms of the west Nile virus. What to do and who to contact once bitten the press release gives a statistic of number of cases from 2002 to 2011 (2012). The press release also notifies the public who is at the highest risk to becoming ill with this type of virus. The press release also gives other website to seek out more information regarding the West Nile Virus.

Pest Control Frisco Tx wants to help protect you and your family from the potential health problems associated with mosquitoes. There are several dangerous virus strains that are spread through mosquitoes including West Nile and Zika. You can reduce the chances of your family becoming sick from West Nile or Zika by protecting them from mosquito bites. These tips will give you the information you need to protect your family from mosquito bites while they are outdoors.

We must strive to continue to educate, provide screenings and many other interventions to aid in the decrease of communicable diseases.

The ability to contribute to designing prevention and control strategies to prevent endemic or epidemic transmission in the United States was intriguing. As a NACCHO Policy Scholar with the Infectious Disease department, I was thrilled to work on two exciting public health projects; the Flu Near You and HIV/AIDS Policy Initiative Project. Both projects are in line with my areas of interest as a Public health practitioner and included a review of evidenced based literature to understand effective strategies and interventions that could be adopted in these projects.

How many cases of West Nile Virus were reported in your state based on the epidemiology data?

Since 1999, the West Nile virus spread geographically throughout North America, except for two states, Alaska and Hawaii, which till this day does not have occurrences of WNV statistically shown by the CDC (2014). The introduction of the WNV resulted in the United States centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to initiate what was known as the National West Nile Virus Surveillance System for 2000. These objectives include:

More and more recently, we have been finding new “emerging” diseases that continually baffle scientists as to how they came to be. Many of these diseases have not left the public eye yet, such as HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and the yearly strains of Influenza; however, we must remain vigilant of every disease that plagues humanity – including the all but forgotten West Nile Virus.

West Niles Virus is a virus that is transmitted from mosquito to aves and mammals via infected mosquito bites and is prevalent within most of the Continental United States. It is reported that, “40 states have recorded cases of West Nile Virus” (Jolly par. 4). The complications with mosquito bites is problematic because of the spread of disease is due to the infected mosquitos and there is a need to implement a control systems to decreased swarms of mosquitos, in particular within Maricopa County. This cause is important because I have recently been diagnosed as having West Niles Virus. There is no current vaccination for humans against the West Niles Virus, the only way to reduce chances of contracting the virus would be through prevention

That is the troubling account of Dr. Lyle Peterson, specialist in the field of infectious disease control on the condition of West Nile Virus entering the United States. Though West Nile has affected many different regions, Africa has had the worst death rates. Conditions and diagnostics reveal that the disease is real and has some very dangerous effects. There are many actions being put forth to stop the rapid spread, but there are also some factors preventing countries from issuing control techniques such as costs and environmental considerations. The origin and history of West Nile need to be analyzed to predict where it will be in the future and know how it became as large as it is now. Additionally, the main problem lies in the fact that there are so many prime areas for the main carrier, the mosquito, to thrive in. Indeed, this all leads to the rampant condition of West Nile Virus the world faces today, the worst that it has ever been.

“In 2012, the United States had one of its most intense West Nile seasons since 1999: 2873 cases of neuroinvasive disease and 286 deaths were reported” (Voelker, 2014, p. 2164). In 2013, another 2469 cases were reported, and of those cases 51% were neuroinvasive disease in 47 states plus the District of Columbia (Voelker, 2014). Of the 51% that were infected by the neuroinvasive disease, 53% had encephalitis, 38% had meningitis, and 9% had acute flaccid paralysis (Voelker, 2014). From the 9% that had acute flaccid paralysis, 76% had encephalitis or meningitis (Voelker, 2014). The highest incidence rates were in North Dakota and South Dakota (Voelker, 2014). Of the reported cases 50% of the West Nile Virus neuroinvasive disease were reported in California, Texas, Colorado, Illinois, North Dakota, and Oklahoma (Voelker, 2014). In 2015, 2,060 cases were reported in 48 states and the District of Columbia, and of those cases 1,360 cases the people were infected with the neuroinvasive disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). The numbers may have decreased from 2012 to 2015, however the number of reported cases across the United States is still significant, especially with the amount of reported cases of the neuroinvasive symptoms of the disease. Decisions need to me made about the potential for increased surveillance by organizations to monitor for future threats and outbreaks, and about increasing educational awareness in public health to limit

DCHHS is actively taking steps to continue to educate and protect the public for this upcoming mosquito season. Not only will Dallas County handle West Nile Virus, Zika Virus still remains a threat. Hughes provided a detailed background of Zika, expressing