REBCGA Essay

For nearly 138 years, Brenau University has continued to uphold its slogan Extraordinary Lives. When I first stepped foot on Brenau’s campus in 2012, I wouldn’t have fathomed that four years later, this institution would shape me into the successful woman I am today. Prior to attending Brenau, I had always struggled with understanding who I was and where I belonged. Once I became a student at Brenau, I began to join organizations such as Student Activities Board and Student Government Association, and consequently, I have reached a social and academic success peak I never believed I would be able to achieve. If you are a first year college student or are transferring to a different institution, I advise you to take Brenau University into consideration.

and a much lower superconducting transition temperature TC relative to the β phase: ca. 0.015 K vs. 1–4 K; mixing the two phases allows obtaining intermediate TC values. The TC value can also be raised by alloying tungsten with another metal . Such tungsten alloys are sometimes used in low-temperature superconducting circuits.

current models on how do they interact with the adjacent rods to form the structure of the thick

The nature and interlayer interactions of the as-synthesized BN materials were also characterized by Raman spectroscopy (Figure 4b). The Raman spectra of the T-BN and F-BN show specific peaks at ∼1371 and ∼1369 cm−1, respectively, corresponding to the B–N vibration mode (E2g). The full width at half maximum (FWHM) was determined to be ∼35 and ∼24 cm−1 for T-BN and F-BN, respectively. The larger FWHM value and higher wavelength demonstrated a low crystalline structure along with the low interlayer interactions at T-BN as compared to that of F-BN [32–34].

Yttrium-Barium-Copper-Oxide (YBCO) is a type II high temperature superconductor (Rana et al., 2016) called 1-2-3 superconductors. The superconductivity is depending on the hole and electron concentration present. Previous research finds that YBCO has highest transition temperature (TC) that is 92 K. The unit cell of the YBCO is an orthorthombic structure. The CuO2 molecule are interconnected with CuO3 and then provide additional electron density. YBCO is a common element studied for synthesizing Superconductor. The YBCO in bulk form can lift a small magnet when immersed in nitrogen liquid. This is caused by the repulsion of the YBCO magnetic field. This phenomenon is called Meisner Effect. YBCO is a critical temperature and single grain superconductors

Superconductors are interesting because of their potential for infinite current- the closest system or idea to perpetual motion ever found. If electric wires were made of functional superconducting materials there would never be another shorted fuse as there would be no energy lost to friction over time. The catch is that most superconductors currently exist solely at very low temperatures that are not practical for use in industry. The temperature at which materials transform into a superconductor is called the critical temperature and at this temperature the electrical resistance drops very suddenly to zero (figure 1). Superconductor theory explains that as temperature decreases, the vibrations of atoms in a lattice slow and this allows for electrons to flow more freely through the crystal lattice, ignoring their previous repulsion for one another and actually pairing up for easier transit. Referred to as Cooper pairs, this is the generally accepted “BCS” superconductor theory (figure 2). No one knows the mechanism that causes electrons in crystals to form pairs although it has been determined physically possible, although counterintuitive, due to phonon wave propagation from the interaction between positively charged ions and electrons. [2]

“Superfluids” are fluids that have zero viscosity. This means that the fluid will flow with zero friction as well as leak through certain surfaces that are otherwise considered sealed. In addition, superfluids are also superconductors. The paper discusses liquid helium, its discovery, properties applications and limitations.

This can be supported with observations in the cell parameters and atomic coordinates involving increasing Fe – O – P bridging angles θ and decreasing tetrahedral tilt angles δ in α-­‐phase polymorph, causing the values to tend towards β-­‐phase polymorph, which exhibits a first-­‐order

The second-generation (2G) high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coated conductor (CC) is regarded as a promising material for the development of ultrahigh-field magnets for use in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. This is because the dependence of the critical current (Ic) in the CC on external magnetic fields is lower than those in its low-temperature counterparts [1–4]. However, in the case of a quench, the 2G HTS magnet is

However, the divergence angle of fast electrons also increases with these applied axial magnetic fields. In Refs. (-- removed HTML --) 16 (-- removed HTML --) and (-- removed HTML --) 17 (-- removed HTML --) , the researcher uses a high resistivity tin layer sandwiched transversely between two low resistivity aluminum slabs or a high-resistivity-core-low-resistivity-cladding structure target to collimate the REB due to the spontaneous magnetic fields generated by the gradient of resistivity existed in the target structure. Moreover, extensive numerical simulations (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 18–23 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) reveal that the spontaneous magnetic fields at the interfaces can reach as high as megagauss (MG) which is helpful to confine the fast electrons. The above results enlighten one to study whether the transport of REB can be modified by artificial designed transverse magnetic fields. (-- removed HTML --)

Structural defects which are inevitable during the production, chemical and heat treatment processes can affect the mechanical properties of graphene and also defects can be deliberately introduced in graphene by ion beam irradiation to get required properties for specific applications. So, understanding the effect of defects on mechanical properties and failure behaviours of a graphene sheet is important for its applications. In this work, the effects of linear and angular orientation of different types of Stone-Thrower-Wales (STW-1 and STW-2) defects on the mechanical properties and failure behaviour of graphene membrane have been investigated in the frame of molecular dynamics. This work discussing about tuneable mechanical properties by amending the linear orientation of STW-1 and STW-2 defects at different angles in zigzag direction and armchair direction respectively. The results obtained from the present work may provide the insights in tailoring the mechanical properties by preparing defects in graphene, and give a full picture for the applications of graphene with defects in flexible electronics and nanodevices.

This leads to conversion of normal current into dissipationless supercurrent. This supercurrent varies sinusoidally with the phase difference of the two superconductors and attains a maximum at the critical value of current which can flow through the junction.\\

Domains in ferroelectrics and ferromagnets have been studied for nearly a century now, but several ideas have been emphasized only very recently: These include nonlinear behavior, such as wrinkling, folding, coarsening, and jamming. (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) 1 (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --) (-- removed HTML --)

Ferro-electrics are an important class of materials which posses excellent electro-mechanical coupling behavior \cite{jayendiran2012modeling}. These materials have been used in sensors, actuators, biomedical and naval applications for several years. These materials behave linearly under low electric fields and mechanical stresses, but show nonlinearity at higher electric fields and mechanical stresses; see the review articles \cite{kamlah2001ferroelectric,landis2004non,huber2005micromechanical}.

A study at DESY on ingot slices from three suppliers (CBMM, Heraeus, and Ningxia) further demonstrated the lack of reproducibility in grain microstructures [34]. Full-penetration X-ray characterization at DESY-HASYLAB showed that the central grain of the CBMM slice had good homogeneity with a near {111} orientation – measurements at 7 locations of the grain revealed very small fluctuations, proving high quality of the single crystal. The Heraeus slice consisted of a big central grain with a near {100} orientation and small perimeter grains. The central crystal again possessed a high quality with little orientation fluctuations. In contrast, the Ningxia slice consisted of many grains with widely scattered orientations. At the center of the slice, a signal splitting of reflections (indicating multiple crystals) and Debye-Scherrer rings (indicating small crystals) were observed in addition to the strong single crystal signal [34].