Rabies Vaccine Research Paper

The introduction to the Rabies Vaccine had a great impact on the world. The man who invented the vaccine was Louis Pasteur. He had many specialties in his lifetime. Some of the areas of his interest were chemistry, biology and medicine. However, I believe his impact on the veterinary field was amazing.

I choose to talk about the Rabies Vaccine. This vaccine hits close to home. Recently we received a cute black lab mixed 5-week old puppy. Now we all know in general that puppies can be very hyper individuals, but our puppy was/is more so than other puppy’s or so it seemed.

Vaccination is often considered one of the paramount successes in medicine to date. The basis of vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to stimulate an individual's immune system in development of an adaptive immunity to a pathogen. As a result of its invention, vaccination has seen diseases once commonplace in the population have become exceedingly rare and in some cases, entirely eliminated thanks to vaccination (smallpox). However, in order to effectively eradicate those typically transmittable diseases which vaccinations seek to prevent against, a certain percentage of a community must receive the vaccine—this idea is known as herd immunity. Therefore, to maximize the efficiency of vaccination, public health officials made the practice

For one thing, when rabies affects humans that have very similar symptoms of the flu, including discomfort, headache, weakness and fever, and last for days. Though it also includes itching, around the site of the bite, anxiety, and abnormal behavior—[“Rabies -sign and symptoms” Centers for Disease Control and prevention], insomnia — inability to sleep—, hallucinations — an experience of something that is not present (Dictionary), sore throats, fear of water and stiff muscles. The virus soon as it’s in the humans’ body starts to move from the arm or leg, where it was a bit, within a short period of time; it spreads though-out the body and tends to fail internal organs (Rabies Vaccine: Medline Plus Drug Information). For example, according to “National Health Service Choices” in article about Rabies. Brierlie Godfrey, who is an Australian actress living in London, was bit by a wild baboon in Morocco while on holiday. However, some animals have the some similar symptoms such as: fear of water, and change in behavior or personality. Animals also become withdrawn or aggressive. For example, wild animals may lose their fear of humans or pets may become aggressive or withdraw. Often the animal does not eat, may fear water, and have an unsteady gait (Rabies Vaccine: Medline Plus Drug Information). Last of all, these symptoms can roughly permanently fatal. According

Some symptoms of rabies are fever, vomiting, headache ,depression, sore throat, and pain in the muscles around the bite site. Rabies is a dangerous disease if you don’t treat the bite site immediately. Rabies will attack your muscles and make them weak. It also affects the central nervous system which includes the brain and the spinal cord. Some of the later symptoms are insomnia, agitation, increased salivation, and difficulty swallowing. Death usually occurs within a few days after the symptoms start. The symptoms for dogs include jaw drop, bark tone changes, fever, pica, seizures, and the loss of inability to swallow food or

Third, is the treatment for the rabies virus. Vaccinations is a series of shots that help prevent the virus from infecting the body (Mayo Clinic Staff). The human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) and rabies vaccine is recommended for humans and pets. People who have been previously vaccinated or have received the preexposure vaccination for rabies should receive the vaccine (Vaccines.org).

Rabies is a highly infectious viral disease that can easily ruin and eventually end the lives of both humans and animals alike. Rabies comes in two forms for animals. It comes in the form of paralytic rabies, which is the kind that puts you in paralysis right from the beginning, skipping the symptoms of agitation and excitability. Rabies also appears in the form of furious rabies, which is completely different in the way that it makes the victim restless, vicious and agitated. When humans get rabies, their symptoms start out with simple headaches and fevers and later progresses to terrible things such as becoming hydrophobic because of painful throat spasms and paralysis. A definite diagnosis of rabies needs lab analysis of

Rabies can be prevented in domesticated animals by vaccination and by the avoidance of contact with rabid wild animals (CSFPH, 2009). The most practical and cost-effective way to end canine rabies is mass dog vaccination, which saves the lives of both dogs and humans. During mass campaigns, all dogs should be vaccinated, regardless of age, weight or state of health. Although the aim should be to vaccinate as many dogs as feasible, herd immunity is achieved by vaccinating at least 70% of the population (WHO, 2013). All dogs should be vaccinated against rabies commencing at three months of age, revaccinated with one of the three year vaccine one year later, and revaccinated every three years thereafter. And also all cats should be vaccinated

Almost all mammals are at risk of the rabies virus. As humans though, there is not really a possible way to be totally immune from the rabies virus. Unless you totally close yourself off from any type of animal, wild or domestic, there is no way to be totally sure you won’t have even the smallest chance of getting the virus. All types of people, of all ages and in all areas are all possibly at risk of being exposed to the rabies virus. The best way to be careful and to ensure you don’t get the virus, is to make sure you stay away from animals you don’t know very much about, or animals that are acting strange.

A basic understanding of vaccines, and why we vaccinate in the first place, is important. We give our pets vaccinations to protect against infectious disease. When we give a vaccine, it stimulates our pet's immune system to produce "Opposite Invaders" or antibodies. The new antibody that is produced is just for that particular virus, so if your dog or cat is exposed to the real virus at a later date, she will be able to respond quickly and produce antibodies to overcome the infection before it takes hold.

‘’The most effective treatment of rabies was the immunoglobulin which works by providing ready-made antibodies designed to neutralize the rabies virus and prevent it spreading’’ (Dr. Rajendra Singh, 2016). The best way to prevent his disease was vaccinating both pets and animals. In the USA, there were different vaccinations for all ages of people and all species of animals. For example, HDCV immunization is the most potent protection for all ages of people. Colistol is the best injection that can protect people from this disease

Before vaccination could be put into place, diseases and infections could easily be prevented if the environment and situations of these refugee camps are in better, hygienic conditions in which vaccines would no longer be in such a high demand. Who would support and fund these programs however? Cambodia is making its best effort to be of any assistance and to accommodate these refugees to the best of their ability, even with the current political and economic situation. Cambodia believes this problem cannot be solved by one country alone, and the entire World Health Organization should not sleep on this issue. Cambodia currently has more refugees originating from the country rather than they have taken in, as 13,320 originate from Cambodia while the total count in which the country has taken

Vaccine-derived polioviruses: This is a very rare strain of poliovirus that is create by the mutation of the virus in the OPV. The OPV enters the intestine and multiplies. After it get absorbed into the bloodstream it activates the immune system. When the patient is excreting the virus it can change and be genetically altered. To get paralysed from this type of poliovirus is very rare. THe paralytic type of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis only occurs in 1 of 2.7million. If a community is not fully vaccinated then the viruses will survive longer and will undergo more mutations as long as it is being spread around. If there is a case of vaccine-derived poliovirus, the oral vaccine will be given to prevent the spread of the disease from the patient.

“I do believe sadly that its going to take some diseases to realize that we need to change and develop vaccines that are safe”(Jenny McCarthy). In the eighteenth century, there was a widespread of the smallpox disease which killed its victims and left them terribly disabled. Vaccines are scientific preperations that provide active acquired ability of an organism to resist a paricular infection. Vaccines contain agents that act as life threatening objects in the body. These agents allow the body to recognize them as so and help the body destroy it. Edward Jenner, a physician and scientist, founded vaccinology in 1796 after planting cowpox into an eight year old boy, who resisted smallpox. He inserted the vaccine into a wound in the boy’s arm.

When an animal develops rabies, usually from the bite of another animal whose saliva is infected with the rabies virus, the virus moves trans-neuronally from the site of entry to the spinal cord and brain. Due to patterns of progression, a thorough histologic examination of the brain stem is critical to rabies diagnosis. The complete brain of the animal should be submitted for testing (ADPH, 2010). Because brain tissue is the preferred specimen for post-mortem diagnosis in both humans and animals (OIE, 2011). In addition to brain tissue other specimens, such as skin and hair follicles taken at the nape of the neck, are also highly sensitive for post-mortem diagnosis (Orciari and Rupprecht, 2011). The virus might also be found in other tissues