Race And Design : Research Design And Methods

Colorism has been prevalent in America since slavery. The lighter slaves would be put to work in the house and the darker skin slaves would be put to work in the field. In my opinion, this is one of the many Eurocentric ideologies that are still experienced today in the black community. Growing up I was a lot darker than my peers. Boys at my middle school would always say my best friend is prettier than I because she was of a fair complexion. Colorism is also best exemplified in movies such as Color Purple and Spike Lee’s School Dazes. Once I completed the “Skin Tone IAT”, the results were a bit surprising, they stated, “Your data suggest a moderate automatic preference for Light Skinned people over Dark Skinned people”. I was raised by my great grandfather who was Irish and Indian. To the naked eye, he looked like a Caucasian male. Up until age 6, I was afraid of darker skinned men. The results are still surprising to me that after all these years I still have a preference for light skin people over dark skinned people when in my personal opinion I feel that skin tone doesn’t matter or define you as a person. Which was also shown in class when we did the circle activity. Once again taking this test I felt that it was a bit unnecessary because you’re upbringing has a lot to do with the results and it does not mean that you have any sort of bias toward a particular group. I believe my results are inaccurate because the type of men that I am generally attracted to now are of Darker

Demographics and control variable. Participants reported sex, age, U. S. citizenship, ethnicity, and educational grade level.

Instruments used to measure interview responses included a pre-existent Likert-scale interview comprised of 12 items called the Bidimensional Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (BAS) and

The first test I took was the Race IAT. I had to classify words or pictures of people in groups. The website made it clear that going fast was important. This IAT showed pictures showed faces and the categories were European American and African American. The next round was words, and the categories were Good and Bad. The round after that combined the pictures and words. On the left there was European American and the word Bad on the right was African American and Bad. That was all the test was, classifying the words and pictures. Since it was my first time taking this test I thought there was going to be something related to stereotypes and questions asking my opinion. I was surprised when I finished. The categories switched sides and Bad was then paired with European American and Good with African American. My result was that I had a moderate automatic preference for African American compared to European Americans. I was surprised about this response. Growing up I went to all white schools, did not have numerous relationships with African Americans. Since college that has changed but I believed subconsciously I would have a preference to European Americans. I do not understand how sorting the pictures and words into categories would determine a preference. But now that I am aware hopefully I can catch myself in situations of preferring Africans Americans.

From 1972 to 2004, Abramowitz points out that the correlation between ideology and party identification rose from .32 to .63 showing an increase over time from a more moderate stance to a more polarized one in the engaged electorate. In the 1984 to 2004 ANES, the least interested and least informed Americans were shown to be in the middle of the liberal-conservative spectrum, while the more informed and active constituents were more likely to be more polarized. From the 2006 Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES) data, Abramowitz states that even Independents leaned more liberal or conservative than weak Democrats or weak Republicans respectively. Again, nonvoters made up forty-one percent of the center of the distribution affirming that only the nonvoters are non-ideological and non-polarized. In regards to social groups, Abramowitz concluded that religious commitment mattered more than social status, but overall, voter’s ideological beliefs made a greater impact on party loyalty than being part of any social

a. The sample size of this poll is 1,125 adults and was limited to those that reside in the United States. The margin of error is +/- 2.9 percentage points. Most political science research embraces the 95% level of confidence (Damore

Race construction in the United States has been socially constructed since the founding of the republic. Racial differences and the development of various ethnic identities have been affected by the rigidity of racial categories in the United States, these include American Indian or Alaskan Native, black or African American, Native Hawaiian or other Asian Pacific Islander, and white. The racial divide in the United States is predominantly between whites and blacks but many Americans fall into the “racial middle”, a term coined by Eileen O’Brien to bring attention to the population of Americans that do not identify as either white

In conclusion, it is definitely clear that implicit preferences happen often in every day life. We are surrounded by individuals that constantly make decisions based on their unconscious judgments toward people and objects. One of these unconscious judgments happens to revolve around the way we act toward young and old people. I think it is beneficial for participants to partake in this experiment so that they can become conscious of their unconscious attitudes and

The attitudes of immigrants who have arrived recently differ from those who have arrived earlier in many ways. From 2002-2009 the percentage of votes from a series of questions has changed drastically. One of the questions that was asked if the immigrant spent most of their time with another native from their country. The next one question was if they called another immigrant in their country at least once a week on the phone. The final question was if that immigrant spoke their native language at home.

With an enormous shift into the labor force, there has been a distinct difference into how each race and industry has been affected. In Figure 1, “Income by Race”, we took into the account one’s race and the amount income they received. We notice that the Asian workforce has seen a slight increase in their yearly median income going from just a little over $30,000 in 1995 to now over $35,000 in 2015. The white work force has also seen a slight increase in wages. The Hispanic work force however, has not seen as much of an increase, with the median yearly income going up only a few thousand dollars over the span of 2 decades. We can see that there has not been a very noticeable increase in income for any race that was observed over the

I have to say this was the first time I looked at race and ethnicity as being “socially constructed”. I had to really look at what the definition was and what it really meant. After reading the article you provided and chapter 2 in the book, and also doing a little surfing to find other articles on the subject. I agree with Mr. Johnson that race is “socially constructed”.

Data was collected using the American National Election Studies 2016 Pilot Study, a longitudinal analysis election survey, asking eligible U.S. voters (M age = 48.1, SD = 17.0, 570 men, 625 women) (ANES, 2016) about their views on race. The study included _% of participants who identified themselves as white and _% who identified themselves as black. All participants were recruited through posting a link to an online survey using the website YouGov. Funded by The National Science Foundation, designed by ANES Principal Investigators, the cross-sectional study provides quantitative data that can be both displayed and

I think that the Race IAT was calculated based on how quickly you were able to correctly associate the given picture with the race and positive/negative word. For instance, the test likely recorded the average time it took me to hit the ‘E’ or ‘I’ key based on if black faces and negative words were associated versus if black faces and positive words were associated. If it took longer for me to hit the correct key with the black face/positive word than it did the black face/negative word, it is likely that there may be some sort of implicit bias against the former association. After I received my result, I was initially surprised that I was slightly preferring the black/negative association versus the black/positive association. However, after

The IAT is a passable type of measure that can be utilized to assess any associations among pairs of concepts (Gawronski, & Houwer, n.d.). IAT can also be utilized to measure pair of objects or categories; referring to their preferences; example criminal vs non-criminal (Gawronski, & Houwer, n.d.). A typical example regarding stereotypes association between yellow and red people, and the attributes of being musician vs intelligent may substitute the evaluative attribute with a semantic dimension assessing the semantic association (Gawronski, & Houwer, n.d.). Measurements such as IAT, implicit and explicit measures, are valuable tools to measure latent traits; for example stereotypes, biases, and heuristics. It is evident that all these measurements