Race And Industry Analysis

Racially constituted labor was commonly seen during the early 20th century. Because of the implementation of labor disparity between races, “capricious restrictions that made economic parity with whites virtually impossible” (Sides, 2006). Although there have been attempts at labor equality, racial groups were oppressed and marginalized by white hierarchy. Deliberately assigning specific races to lower labor markets resulted in hindered work mobility for all minorities.

In 2008 black male workers only made 74 cents to every dollar made by a white worker with equal education. This is a significant issue because it creates a self reinforcing system that puts a large portion of the population at a disadvantage. Although the poor economic situation for African Americans in the U.S. may not be as prevalent as it was in the 1930’s, there still exists a significant gap between wages earned by white and black workers.

African American’s have been on the bottom end of inequalities since their arrival United States, although advances have been made African American men still fare badly. For Hispanics high immigration numbers accounts for the inequality gap among them. The presence of women in the work place has add little to the issue and the decline of trade unions has negative implications for all workers. Advances in technology is part of the natural cycle of industry and while some jobs will initially fall victim to it new skills and training will provide for new careers. Thomas Piketty and Joseph Stiglitz shows that the overwhelming causes of the current cycle of economic inequalities to be income and capital inequality that exist because of politics and government policies that benefit the rich at a cost to the poor and

Employment challenges and economic disparities amongst Hispanics in the United States has been an ongoing battle, social policies along with institutions continue to perpetuate poverty among Latinos’ and African Americans. According to Liu (2011), Labor market segmentation by race/ethnicity, gender, and national origin has been recognized as a prominent feature of urban labor markets in immigrant gateway cities across the United States. A direct example of this would be when Cubans’ immigrated to Miami in the 1960’s, at first, they were welcomed by the Americans with open arms until they realized they could be in competition for employment as the Cubans were not leaving to go back home. This created many issues especially when it came to welfare,

The gender wage gap has been around since women began having jobs and careers. Though in the beginning the gender wage gap was purely do to discrimination by social stereotypes, now it has become more complicated than that. The issue today has evolved into a complex issue which combines our American culture with business economics. As a result, some are skeptical of the issue and some are very adamant in their beliefs. The issue encompasses not only gender stereo types but also educational, government policies and business’s best practices.

“Hispanics in manufacturing, wholesale and retail, and transportation industries have been particularly hard hit”. (Gonzalez, 2002)

At the end of 2004, the employment rate for Whites was 63.2 percent and for Blacks was 57 percent. For Hispanics, the rate was actually higher at 63.9 percent; however, the unemployment rate for Hispanics at 6.7 percent was fifty percent higher than the unemployment rate for Whites at 4.6 percent. The unemployment rate for Blacks at 10.8 percent was more than twice the unemployment rate for Whites. These differences in employment rates can be explained to some extent by discrimination in the employment marketplace and by factors associated with segregated residential living patterns. (Margery Austin

In a 2015 study, it is shown that the wage gap can even seem to increase at higher degrees of education. For men and women with less than a high school diploma, the wage gap is at about 20%. Surprisingly, for men and women with an advanced degree, the wage gap is 26%. While The wage gap steadily closed at a relatively rapid pace between the 1960s and 1990s, improving from a 60 percent gap to a 71 percent gap. But since 2000, progress has all but flatlined. Men earned $50,400 at the median in 2014, while women earned $39,600. Neither gender has seen a significant increase in their median earnings since 2009, and women’s 2014 median earnings were not statistically different than what they made in 2007. In conclusion, this is a big issue across the nation, and shown by statistics, not much has been done in the recent

One of the greatest impacts of racism is the employment area around people of color, which is vital for social progress, prestige and a good quality of life (Aspen Roundtable, 2004). Blacks are twice as likely to be unemployed, with wages far below what white employees receive. According to Aspen Roundtable, the payroll percentage is $ 50,001 and $ 75,000 for a white which is two and a half times higher than people of color (2004). Flynn argues the history and policies written in the United States always exclude labor inequality to Through the exploitation of explicitly discriminatory laws "black codes" that persisted in the North, where white workers, still excluding minorities, furthermore, also the exploitation and domestic labor, which

Minorities are often unable find high paying jobs due to high paying jobs being in suburban areas and not where minorities typically live. In “Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health”, Williams discovers that residential segregation has a profound effect on employment. This leads to a lower status in society. He also discovers that since whites have moved out of cities and large metropolitan areas to the suburbs, higher paying jobs have also followed them, leaving low income jobs for minorities(Williams 179). High paying jobs not only avoid minority groups, but employment opportunities in general can affected by race.

The deeply rooted racial and ethnic gaps in economics and education has its legacy ingrained in American history and economic policies (Jones, 2000; Soares, Assuncao, & Goulart, 2012). Consequently, the effects are often overlooked with racism being a causative agent to many of the health outcomes and economic woes of African Americans. As per a report entitled Rewriting the Rules of the American Economy: Building an Inclusive American Economy released by the Roosevelt Institute and the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, the authors

Race: In my profession right now which is football, I always get the benefit of the doubt because I'm black. I know from personal experience coaches prefer black players over white players because physically we have an advantage over them. If you look at the NFL and NBA it's predominantly black players.

The globalization of business and the demographic trends of many nations of the world are creating markets and workforces that are increasingly culturally diverse. For example, it is estimated that in the next decade more than 40 percent of all net additions to the workforce in the United States will be ethnic minorities, including many immigrants from Asian and Latin American countries. Further, organizations based in many other countries of the world, including Canada, Italy, the Pacific Islands, Germany and Japan, are struggling with issues related to the increased presence of ethnic minorities or of women in management ranks. (Cox 1997) In 50 of America's 200 cities with populations over 100,000, the so-called minority is the majority. (Hubbard 2004) According to the U.S. Census Bureau projections, by the year 2050, non-whites will represent close to half of the U.S. population. Over 600,000 people per year legally (about 1 million total) continue to flow into the U.S. population, and the birthrates of immigrants are higher than for the native-born population. (Condrey 2005) Immigration patterns have shifted, too. For much of the last century, the preponderance of immigrants came from Europe. Today,

During the next 2 decades, there was relatively drastic change in the statistics. From 1980 to 2000, women’s earning compared to men’s rose from 60 percent to 73 percent in 2000 with women earning $27,355 and men earning $37,339. Compared to the previous 2 decades this was a very dramatic increase in women’s earnings.

I am a quantitative sociologist broadly interested in three areas: 1) stratification and inequality; 2) immigration and globalization, 3) work and labor markets. Specifically, I focus on examining how class structure and migration patterns contribute to social inequalities and labor market outcomes. Also, I work on the themes of immigration, work and occupations in the United States. I am particularly interested in examining these processes in the urban context.