Race And Racisms By Golash-Boz Book Report

Among minorities such as Asians, Hispanics, Indians, Native Americans, and Middle Easterners, the African American race has been affected tremendously by the health disparities in the United States. Currently, African Americans have significantly higher mortality rates from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, HIV, unintentional injuries, pregnancy, sudden infant death syndrome, and homicide than do whites Americans (Fiscella & Williams, 2004). While African Americans may lead in these categories, other minorities are not far behind in experiencing health disparities.

African Americans are twice as likely to die of an illness such as cancer and heart disease as well as, less likely to have health access compared to any other race. African Americans are yet subject to racial discrimination and stereotypes in the health care, that leads them without the correct health screenings and treatments. The root of these racial disparities connects with the intersectionality of race, class, gender and education.

The physical and mental ramifications of racial discrimination have been the subjects of scholarly inquiry. Health disparities between different racial groups have been well established in the literature (Williams, 2003). Specifically, scholars have examined the disparate death rates between African Americans and White Americans (Kung, Hoyert, Xu & Murphy, 2008), racial differences in blood pressure (Williams & Neighbors, 2001), and racial differences in cardiovascular disease (Wyatt et al., 2003). Furthermore, researchers have investigated the role of everyday discrimination on self-rated physical health among Latina/os (Molina, Alegria, & Mahalingam, 2013). To address the issue, the authors examined data collected from the National Latina/o

Racial and ethnic health disparities plays a significant role when it comes to those living in a what is considered a low- economic community because people are more susceptible to poor air quality, high blood pressure related to stress, and violence. Inaccessibility to healthy foods forces people to have to eat unhealthy and struggle with the risk that can lead to obesity or high cholesterol down the road (Noonan, A et al ,2016). Also social racism with having limited income, and education can cause people to act out in a negative way due to being frustrated and can cause one to act out in a violent way which can cause a spike in crime. So much can be done to strengthen low economic communities such as re-opening schools in the neighborhood,

At the point when contrasted with whites, these minority bunches have higher rate of endless ailment, higher mortality and poor wellbeing results. Among the ailment particular cases of racial and ethnic variations in the united state is the tumor frequency rate among African Americans, which is 10% higher than among whites. Furthermore, grown up African Americans and Latinos have roughly double the danger as whites of creating diabetes. Minority likewise have higher rate of cardiovascular sickness, HIV/AIDS, newborn child mortality than whites.

Racial categories should be kept in health care and research because by eliminating race, structural inequality will be overlooked. When taking race into consideration, there is an explicit difference in regards to health status. For example, “infant mortality among blacks was 2 1/2 times higher than among whites” (Lillie-Blanton 2000: pg. 222). In another instance, “the correlation between darker skin in a community-based sample of U.S. blacks and high blood pressure found that the association between skin color and blood pressure was significant only in persons whose socioeconomic status was low and in individuals who had not completed high school” (Schulman et al. 1995, pg. 186). In both cases, there is a substantial health inequality between white and black people. However, as Lillie-Blanton elucidated, this is correlation was found in areas where there was socioeconomic status had an impact. By disregarding race, we are actually

Racial inequality in health are everywhere amongst various and different individuals. For example, racial inequalities can be obesity, diabetes, heart disease and many more. These there are different types and forms of racial inequalities. For instance, one of the most common diseases that hs racial inequalities in society is obesity. Some people that have different health statuses that from social influences and inequalities other causes such as biological factors, stress, environment and etc.

The first issue that I learned after watching the health disparities video is despite similar levels of education and economic standing that African American women have the higher rates of infant mortality than Caucasian females with less education and a lower economic standing. The video theorized that this anomaly was most likely due to with experiences associated with racism. The video asserted that racism was a constant stressor and that neuroendocrine and sympathetic nervous system changes caused by stress could result in the gradual breakdown of the body and its systems.

This can have an effect on the health and life expectancy. It is interesting to look at why blacks have a lower life expectancy than whites. How black have unequal health outcomes and how racial ideologies have changed over time. Looking back at the slavery era in United States, medical care was brutal and ineffective (Golash-Boza, 2016, p.251). Blacks had no right to refuse

Genocide, colonialism and slavery are derived from whiteness, more specifically white supremacy. For centuries, certain groups have been targeted and victims of deadly discrimination. In the FOX interview, Tim Wise highlights the detriment of labeling Jesus as a white man. This involuntarily speaks to the testament that being white is better than being non-white. This misrepresentation of a religious and spiritual figure is used across the world and hits on the very notion of white normalcy. Due to the social construct, when a certain race is distinguished as the elite, everyone else who falls under other cannot be seen as equal. Although this may not seem like a health issue, it becomes apparent when certain individuals are not able to access healthcare because of ingrained assumptions. In the case of Zella Jackson Price, a black woman who was told her baby had died in 1965, race played a heavy factor. If the roles had been reversed and this had happened to a white woman there definitely would have been a major uproar. These events happened during the transition between segregation and integration, so it was overlooked because African Americans did not deserve to be served with dignity and the utmost care. Furthermore, situations like these are attributed to a problematic institution, more so institutional

Racism is a problem among the ethnic population health care. Author Williams (2012) pointed out racism in his article for why there have miles to go before racial inequalities

Chapter one of Historical Aspects of Race/Ethnicity and Health focuses on eliminating health disparities and why they exist. In this chapter LeVeist gave an overview of history that helps understand health disparities. He discussed the Emancipation Proclamation and how it freed the Africans. He also discussed the 13,14,and15th amendment. The 13th amendment is when the end of slavery came about and was ratified in 1865. Health care and African Americans was also discussed. It is said that it is important to study minority health because it is “important to prepare the next generation of health professionals to work with and in minority populations. “(LaVeist, 2005, pp. 6-7). Placing humans by race was also discussed and LaVeist feels that

Great discrepancies have grown in the physical health of the citizens. Nearly half of African Americans born in year 2000 are expected to develop type II diabetes. Blacks are 30 percent more likely to die young from heart disease than white or any other racial group.

I have learned that etiological causes of death are not diseases but they are what make us sick in the first place. Good examples of etiological causes of death incudes poor diets and inactivity. An epidemiological scientific study of racism classified racism as being an etiological factor for diseases and injuries. Since then, many others researches have been focused on its measurement and how racism plays a major role in health disparities. Despite the lack of agreement on the definition of racism, we cannot deny that racism is a factor that has affected the quality of life of certain groups of people throughout the history. Oxford dictionary defines discrimination as “the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex” (Oxford). Discrimination has been related to depression and anxiety that lead to a poor general health outcome. The concept of racism can be defined as being discriminated against because of one’s skin color. In the 13th annual summer public health video conference in minority health at the University of North Carolina Chapel, four presenters carefully discuss about whether or not racism is really making us sick by looking at different approaches and perspectives.

Improving health is about a lot more than just getting sick. We look upstream for the factors that influence health from an early age. We know it 's partly where you live, and school and also having access to health care. We will never go to solve this puzzle, especially for people of color, until we deal with another piece the justice system. It turns out, our justice system is terrible for our own health. It affects more people than you might think. We’re at the point where an 18-year-old male is more likely to be arrested than to vote.