Race and Culture in the Literary Work of Wendy Chang and Junot Diaz

Although having grounded your own identity in the United States, we are being confined from being a full member of the American family, Reifowitz claimed. Though most of our population is still mostly multiracial throughout its years, the national community was not. However, “the country’s basic institutions were forged primarily by those of Anglo-Saxon ethnicity”(11), was based upon the shared principles that this nation was built upon to be more civilized as I presumed. Reifowitz claims that these issues were fueled to the changes in connection to the Civil Rights movements in the 1960’s. Nevertheless gave rise to the academic and ethnicities debates that took place in the 1980’s and 90’s. I understand that Reifowitz has brought these issues

Racial Formation in the United States by Michael Omi and Howard Winant made me readjust my understanding of race by definition and consider it as a new phenomenon. Through, Omi and Winant fulfilled their purpose of providing an account of how concepts of race are created and transformed, how they become the focus of political conflict, and how they shape and permeate both identities and institutions. I always considered race to be physical characteristic by the complexion of ones’ skin tone and the physical attributes, such as bone structure, hair texture, and facial form. I knew race to be a segregating factor, however I never considered the meaning of race as concept or signification of identity that refers to different types of human bodies, to the perceived corporal and phenotypic makers of difference and the meanings and social practices that are ascribed to these differences, in which in turn create the oppressing dominations of racialization, racial profiling, and racism. (p.111). Again connecting themes from the previous readings, my westernized influences are in a direct correlation to how to the idea of how I see race and the template it has set for the rather automatic patterns of inequalities, marginalization, and difference. I never realized how ubiquitous and evolving race is within the United States.

There was a time when America was segregated; Caucasians and African Americans were forced to attend different restrooms, restaurants, and water fountains. However, the era of segregation has been terminated; now America embraces and appreciates the various cultures and ethnicities that create this melting pot several people call home. Likewise, it is this melting pot, or mosaic, of races that multitudes of individuals have identified themselves with. Thus, race and ethnicity does matter for it portrays vital and crucial roles in the contemporary American society. Furthermore, ethnicity and race brings communities together in unity, determines which traditions and ideals individuals may choose to value, and imposes an impediment for it categorizes humans unjustly.

In this essay, I attempted to lay bare the issues of being an Asian-American and being labeled as an ethnic “other” in modern America. This label of “other” causes them to become marginalized and lose their sense of identity, belonging neither to Western culture nor Eastern culture. In order help stop this loss of identity in Asian-Americans, we must tear down the social construct of the “other” and integrate the different cultures into the melting pot of popular culture. Once we have stopped alienating different cultures, we can then have a moral society that upholds diversity and identity.

I do not fit in one box on a federal checklist, I am of several cultures. My experience of listening to my Grandmother’s stories made me acutely aware of this fact. I am not just an American, I am a Mexican-American. Living in the Rio Grande Valley, I am part of this “third country” that Anzaldua calls the borderland (Anzaldua Borderlands 1987, 3). In this third country where the “third world grates against the first and bleeds”, the spilt blood creates a new country; an uneasy fusion of both cultures (Anzaldua Borderlands 1987, 3). In my case I was born to a father from Mexico and a mother from America, I am part of the third culture, the Mexican-American. I am proud to be an American and a Hispanic, yet America devalues me because of my heritage.

Although the book’s titular character is Oscar de Leon, he shares chapters with his sister, his mother, his college roommate, Yunior (revealed to be the book’s narrator), and his mother’s parents, the Cabrals. By representing a family with different personalities—Oscar is overweight, and nerdy while Lola is powerful and independent, for example—Díaz creates a microcosm for all Dominican immigrants. Each chapter (and character) in the past is melded into the story in the present, and in this way, the momentum and excitement is never lost until the very last

Lisa page asserts that what truly defines an American is the way they are involved in their community. According to “High Yellow White Trash”, Lisa Page whose parents are divorced feels like she lives in two worlds because of the environment she is in when she is with each parent. But yet she feels very connected to both communities even if they are very different. On her mother's side,who is white, she mentions “ She[her mother] sent me to ballet classes, and my sister took horseback riding lessons, much like our white neighborhood.”(p3) In the other word, Lisa was educated by her mother side culture and involved in the white community. However,she was a biracial women, due to her skin color, she was being considered as a white with defects by the white community that made her starting struggles in this two worlds. What is more,she referred herself as a black too.

The work of Junot Diaz is powerfully charged, as Diaz consistently slips impactful social messages into every paragraph. Diaz himself is an immigrant to America, and personifies his pains in his literary works. “How to Date a Brown Girl” is a short story written by Diaz, with a young Dominican immigrant named Yunior as its main character. The struggles of immigrants in America have long been an issue, and Diaz masterfully blends the struggles of fitting in as an immigrant with the struggles of growing up, as “How to Date a Brown Girl” is filled with connections to larger social issues, if you’re looking closely enough. The two main social issues in “How to Date a Brown Girl” are the struggles of being an immigrant, and the pains of growing up and learning that life isn’t always easy. Immigrants in America go through a variety of issues, such as being treated differently than others, despite years of effort by social activists; constantly feeling out of place in a country that’s not their home; and almost always having to start at the bottom of the economic chain, which only furthers the degradation of the social image of immigrants. Growing up is a process that every person has to go through, and its issues are well-documented but grossly misrepresented. Finding yourself is the most difficult thing some people will do, and its difficulty should be appreciated. Yunior, the main character of “How to Date a Brown Girl”, is in a country that’s not his home, and is going through

Richard Rodriguez's essay “Blaxicans and Other Reinvented Americans” reinforces the idea that race does not identify a person, culture is what defines a person and should be used to identify someone. Richard Rodriguez was in church listening when “[These people] were being welcomed into a new community for a reason of culture” (Rodriguez 90). Culture is being welcomed in church and other people are being nice enough to welcome a person just by their culture and traditions. Rodriguez’s considers himself Chinese because of that fact that he answered a survey with the following “I answered that I am Chinese, and that is because I live in a Chinese city and because I want to be Chinese. ”(Rodriguez 91).

In a society that focuses in the creation of labels in order to categorize its members; we continue the fight to defy the social constructed barriers that daily limit the lives of the human kind to no more than what their eyes can see and their minds judge. Gender, race, ethnicity, background, beliefs, sexual preferences, skin color, language, culture, and everything else that identifies a community are constantly used to criticized it, repress it and control it. While the judging lenses of society have always been there, we have to recognize that with the growing of communities, form migration, the problem continues to aggravate. In the United States of America, the perfect cradle is found to make this baby grow. With the great amount of immigrants, it is rather easy to find problems in society related to race, gender and culture in general; whether it is in the fields related to government, justice and law, as in the field of education.

The study of race and ethnicity is not a cut and dry conversation that always has the same result. The definition of race and ethnicity has changed over time as we have put social weight on what we have put into each definition. In this paper, I will be looking at how two authors, Vilna Bashi Treitler and Stephen Steinberg, discuss the questions and definitions of ethnicity, race, and mobility in American society. For instance, one author tends to combine race and ethnicity into one definition and use them interchangeably while the other author does the exact opposite. The Ethnic Myth by Steinberg is cultural groups trying to get ahead, all about class, getting to the middle class, money, economic mobility (Lecture 12; 5-16-18). While the Ethnic Project by Trielter is getting ahead without being racialized while trying to climb the ladder and having to make subdivisions. It is all about status order and social mobility for Treitler (Lecture 12; 5-16-18).

America is a melting pot of different people, culture, and religion. Although there are millions of different people from different parts of the world, it 's citizens would like to appear united and patriotic. To foreigners, every person living in the United States is an American; however, within the country, there are divisions among the society through a concept called race. No citizen calls themselves an American to another American. The individual labels themselves "Hispanics, Asians, [or] Africans," (Rodriguez 119). America may appear uniform, yet it’s citizens seem to want individuality. And here is the paradox: those same citizens also detest the concept of race. When one is deemed by society as different because they are unable to be labeled, the individual hates this sense of distinctiveness. Richard Rodriguez 's memoir, Brown: The Last Discovery of America, discusses this peculiar concept of race by appealing to the reader 's pathos and logos in order for one to obtain a greater understanding of the idea.

No idea in America has been as lasting as race. Unlike the 19th century notion that anyone could move out west and become rich by mining gold, the notion of race persists and continues to deceive people into believing in its authenticity (Morgan 1982). Those in power in the United States, seem determined to stay in power. They continue to marginalize minorities and keep dark-skinned persons in a position

The Changing racial and Ethnic Composition of the US Popluation: Emerging American Identities. (). Retrieved from

"I am an American," says over 308,745,538 people in the United States this year ("2010 Census Data.") These people originate from everywhere; America is a "melting pot" of culture, and that can unfortunately cause social inequalities to arise through the Matrix of Domination, a theory that mirrors the intersectionality of race, class, and gender, as coauthor of Race, Class, & Gender, an Anthology Patricia Hill Collins claims (Andersen, and Collins xi-xiii.) These two terms give label to the commonplace phenomena of race, class, and gender work within a system of social relationships. The understanding of people from other