Racial And Ethnic Scales

The peer reviewed article “Ethnic and Racial Identity During Adolescence into Young Adulthood: An Integrated Conceptualization” is a well written article on the struggle that people of color face when coming face to face with their identity in social situations. Umana-Taylor, Quintana, Lee, Cross, Rivas-Drake, Schwartz and Seaton (2014) analyzed ethnic and racial identity or ERI and how it relates to important developments and issues from early childhood well on into young adulthood. They worked to find the most important milestones during the development or ERI as well (Umana-Taylor et. al 2014). This paper will consist of the information given from the article and how I’ve dealt with my own ERI.

There are two different dimensions of our identities: ethnicity and race. Ethnicity refers to one’s belonging to a specific cultural, or racial group that makes up culture, race language, and/or place of origin. For example, one can be African-American but have different ethnicities, one African-American and the other African-Caribbean decent. Race is a social construct that can be changed over time. Historically, referring to its specific characteristics one possesses based on: ethnicity, religion, or language; today's its classified solely based upon the color of one’s skin. Nevertheless, ethnic and racial identities are important and instill a sense of belonging and identifying with that specific group through attitude, behaviors. Moreover,

While during the internalization-commitment stage, they are satisfied and secure about their race and welcome other racial and ethnic groups; in this stage, they apply their internalized racial identities into their behaviors and actions (Cross, 1991). The frequently used instrument to operationalize Cross’s model is called the Racial Identity Attitude

To many people across a variety of different nationalities and cultures, race has been proven to be a key factor for how society views you in the eyes of those who are prominently in charge. The term race has been brought up in recent years, to be considered a form of identification, as the word race is used to describe physical characteristics such as a person’s color of skin, hair, and eyes. When in reality, the correct term they should be using is Ethnicity. As a result, the term race is used to separate people into sub-categories based on the color of their skin. This type of classification, is a man-made creation used by society to classify certain groups of people into lower classes, while keeping the predominate group in charge at the top.

Racial identification is harder than ethnic identification for most people to avoid. To explain this, in “Racial Identities” in the

I would like to focus my response to the reading in Gabbidon & Greene, Chapter 1, generally around the idea of social construction. Furthermore, I would like to specially provide responses to discussion questions number one and two as posed in the conclusion of chapter one. Discussion question number one asks to “Explain the origin of race and its implications for race and crime.” Discussion question number two asks “Do you believe there are distinct races?” I will also provide perspective on issues surrounding the term “minorities”.

Establishing an identity has been called one of the most important milestones of adolescent development (Ruffin, 2009). Additionally, a central part of identity development includes ethnic identity (ACT for Youth, 2002). While some teens search

Participants were recruited using an availability sample. Each of the researchers collected four acquaintances and collected data, then submitted each response to build a conjoined data set. The group consisted of 106 females and 120 males, for a total of 226 participants between the ages of 11 and 57 years of age (M = 23.99, SD = 8.46). Our sample was made up of individuals indicating their ethnicity as 54.9% as White/Caucasian (N = 124), with 28.8% identifying themselves as Hispanic/Latino/a (N = 65), with 8% identifying themselves as Black/African-American (N = 18), with 3.5% identifying themselves as more than one ethnicity/race (N = 8), with 2.7% identifying themselves as Asian/Pacific Islander (N = 6), with 1.8%

Basing their multidimensional model of racial identity among African Americans on Gaines and Reed’s (1994; 1995) Du Boisian perspective, Sellers, Smith, Shelton, Rowley, and Chavous (1998) composed their Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity (MIBI) with the aim of identifying hypothesised aspects of racial identity. With support from Walsh (2001), who considered The MIBI scale as a valid measure of racial identity, Cokley and Helm (2001) found empirical evidence for racial regard. Although not direct empirical support for Du Bois’s (1903/2004) race psychology, the studies acknowledge Du Bois’s self-theory as the basis for Sellers et al’s. (1998) MIBI. Furthermore, it is evident from this research that there is a divided identity among African Americans, as suggested by Du Bois

The ASA, or American Sociologist Associations views the movement to dislodge and revise racial and ethnic categories as a mistake that impedes the educational analysis of data and giving leniency to the goal of social equality and community. Thus overlooking highlighted disadvantages amongst communities that could give way to improve them. Keeping the racial categories doesn’t necessarily emphasize the existence of biological categories and maintains the communal goal of equality and progress.

In 1492 a ship called the Mayflower came to America, the ship was full of English people. Once the Mayflower came ashore, the people of the ship settled on American soil and formed a colony. The colony was of white people. In 1619, the American colony of Jamestown went to Africa to get slaves (Slavery in America, 2015). Slaves were put to work on farms and were treated badly. This began the racial problems in America. About 36.3 percent of the population is either Asian, African American, Native American, Hispanic, or Alaska/Hawaiian native (OMHHE,2014). Which means the white population is the dominant race in America. Different races and ethnic groups in American are consider not the American norm or taboo.

Hence, it can be seen that homophily has a clear link with identity. However, there has not been a research that has examined the relationship of attitude homophily and ethnic identity. Most

This section review covers the factors related to racial and ethnic identity. The text stated that racial identity is self-determined and incorporates the values from one’s cultural group (Schwarzbaum & Thomas, 2008). The text also explained that ethnic identity can vary from family to family and can lead to value-based conflicts within a family (Schwarzbaum & Thomas, 2008). I thought this section also did a great job in discussing the differences between groups and also within groups. Finally, this section discussed how oppression occurs within these dimensions and how different marginalized individuals have experienced and fight against their oppressors within

The concept of ethnic identity calls for definition. The adjective “ethnic” relates to the fact of belonging to a certain human group, as defined by anthropological and cultural features. With such a wide meaning, the word and its derivative “ethnicity” raise issues as to their definition: there is no universally agreed definition on the term ethnicity. “Ethnicity refers to a group or community that is assumed to share common cultural practices and history. Religion, language and territory are all included in the term ethnicity” (Kath Woodward, 2004, p 124). As such, the concept is rather recent, as it appeared in sociological studies late in the

In the previous class session, race and racism were covered and we discussed the problems that different races experience along with the model demonstrating the stages of racial identity. The Racial Identity Development Theory explains the stages of someone identifying with one's own race. Additionally, each race experiences differences in the availability of resources such as wealth, housing, and jobs. Each race has various amounts of access to each of those resources, which can affect self perception among races. Feelings of vulnerability and problems with self esteem can also create self limiting beliefs about opportunities and lead to stress.