Racism Annotated Bibliography

Racism is a socially constructed concept used by multiple groups of people and creates a hierarchy of sorts based purely on the color of a person’s skin or their cultural origins. It has been an idea that has existed since the beginnings of civilization. A more modern iteration of this concept was made prominent in the 16th century as European settlers began to explore different areas of the world, specifically areas in or around Africa. But slavery can be seen back in the 1500s all the way to 1880 and was most likely a leading example of what helped define racism up to the 20th century. In Ali Rattansi’s book, “Racism: A Very Short Introduction” , the author connects how slavery and race are closely tied together. European explorers would ignore the cultures the invaded in order to see these people as nothing more than native groups that were meant to be seen in a subservient role. Slavery would continue to grow across the Atlantic and seen as an institution that created large amounts of wealth for those who could reap the benefits from it. As long as money was being made, slavery persisted and was justified. Race and racism was conceived the way it was because the slave owning system was controlled by European colonizers.

Chapter one covers the history and definition of racism. It also covers different pathways of racism and how racism is manifested. Within this chapter the impact of racism of people of color is discussed and its effects, such as depression. Symptoms beyond the mental and physical aspects are also discussed such as incarceration.

Racism is happening in contemporary Australia context, it is the culprit for overall poor health in Australian Indigenous communities. It destroy the Indigenous sense of identity that is crucial for the health and the wellbeing of a person. The key to solve the issue is to become culture inclusive and having holistic understanding of racism and Indigenous culture.

The central problem in this film is racism. The film explores racism on a worldwide scale. It considers how racist thoughts and practices appeared in the main religious world institutions and how European philosophers wrote them. If we review the scientific racism, inaugurated during the 19th century, we will understand how dishonored practices, such as phrenology gave an ideological explanation for slavery and racism.

The Explicit Gospel is a true eye opener with life changing implications, a modern day constitution of the Christian faith. This piece of literature adds a valuable Christian perspective with convicting truths that have been overlooked by Christians and many Christian institutions throughout our nation. The principles in this book will compel any American citizen to reevaluate their Christocentric worldview.

The sum effect of the continual violence against black Americans by the United States’ police, the efforts to blame the country’s first black president. The connection between racism and severe anxiety stresses the negative impact that discrimination has on society. Ultimately, racial battle is manifest by the diminished life spans by increasing suicide rates among black children and other indices of the toll that day-to-day life in a racist society takes on the emotional, physical and financial health of black and brown Americans.

Racism is a belief that one race is superior to the other or the practice of treating a person or group of people differently on the basis of their race. Racism has been an integrated part of ancient world and is still vastly present in modern society. The ideas of racism are embedded into society, without fault it is part of our national character. Country’s deny their racism; however, views of racism are ingrained into every society.

Racism as a Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. This article ," focuses on a meta-analysis which described the impact of reported racism and mental health on individuals. This gets into how meta-analysis and heath has to do with racism. A quote from the article “Racism can impact health via several recognized pathways: (1) reduced access to employment, housing and education and/or increased exposure to risk factors (e.g., avoidable contact with police); (2) adverse cognitive/emotional processes and associated psychopathology”(pg 2) . That one sentence gives you an idea of why the author and experiment done will conclude that racism affects people, also what I understood from the author she was saying that racism

Chronic emotional stress can have a negative physical and mental impact on health. Racism can create additional stress for people of racial and ethnic minorities. In a University of Arizona study on emotional and physical stress from perceived racism, 18.2 percent and 9.8 percent of black participants reported emotional and physical stress. The rates of stress were significantly lower among white participants, with 3.5 percent and 1.6 percent reporting emotional and physical stress due to

All systems of inequality that exist today are products of pre-conceived notions. Historically, people of color have been subjugated to violence, maltreatment, and a scarcity of opportunities in the United States of America. Though it is important to acknowledge the modern-day institutions that uphold the oppression of black people, it is also important to recognize the institutions initiated these injustices. Racism as a modern-day institution is the consequence of slavery because the initial enslavement of people has historically been used as part of an economic agenda. Considering this, African slaves were perceived to be assets that were essential to the economy of the Americas. Nonetheless, while slavery was used as a system to promote the growth of economies, the decision to enslave any group of people is based on the preconceived notion that the people being enslaved are in fact inferior.

Ultimately, interventions cannot be made until bold researchers are willing to capture exactly the what, who, how, of racism in America. The studies presented show that we know too little about what exactly is racism, how it manifests in society, and what is its mechanism on health. All that we know, as we’ve known thirty years ago is that racism is bad and its bad for health. But how is it bad: is it a series of explicit intrapersonal events with prejudiced individuals, or the presence of constant structural violence? How many dimensions are there to racism considering the many theories present like our biologic natural ability to in-group, the conflation of race with class and space, the constant prejudiced social reconstruction of race?

In my article I will be discussing the factor ‘racism’. What does racism really mean to you? Have you been a victim of racism or have you been the perpetrator of racism, have you been the one making people feel unwanted, have you been the one making others feel like they have no place in this world, that they are different from you. I am sure most people have their personal view and thoughts on racism, but the word ’racism’ is more said than felt because people do not see the effect it has on people and families lives. Racism has been something that has been going on for centuries, it has been like a disease that has been roaming the earth and affecting individuals.

Racism and discrimination are present in a variety of cultures as global history has demonstrated the struggles between racial and religious identities. This essay will argue that racial and religious identity in global history predominately revolves around inhumane forms of ethnic-racist discrimination towards other cultures. There is an absence of healthy and constructive forms of multicultural diversity because cultures struggle to coexist. However, it is important to recognize that the cultures who consider themselves as superior, use globalization to expand their ideas of maintaining power within society.

Racial discrimination can show itself in multiple forms as well as in multiple settings. One of the main areas that racial discrimination can show itself is the workplace. This can be incredibly detrimental to the company as well as the public perception of the company which in turn, can affect the income of the company as a whole. Not only can racial discrimination in the workplace negatively affect the company, but it can have extremely detrimental effects on the mental health of the worker. A study from Arnold B. de Castro and other collaborators showed that there is a correlation

Death, hate, violence, abuse, and discrimination are all by products of racism. Not only does it leave a path of destruction it is also uncomfortably common. Racism is defined by prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one's own race is superior. Such beliefs are inevitable due to human nature, the issue is the sheer magnitude of racism. Such beliefs are held across the world and it leads to civil unrest and even interpersonal conflicts. The primary effect racism has on individuals is the ability to manipulate them on a psychological level and even physiological level in extreme cases. The psychological effects of racism are often overlooked, which is unsettling because of the amount chaos it causes on the psychological level. Such chaos must be examined and studied in order to find the impact racism leaves on an individual. Impacts are often depression, anxiety, stress, neural processes, neurochemical changes, cognitive structures, and substance abuse. The list may not seem long but keep in mind that each subject listed yields it's own issues. The psychological effects of racism are vast and dismal, yet no one seems to really be informed. It’s rather ironic how vast the consequences are but no one really likes to discuss them. Regretfully topics such as mental health or psychological effects of certain events are swept under the rug. Regardless of the amount of attention it receives racism does have a