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Racism On The Slave

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Racism on the Racist: Examining Racial Discrimination’s Effects on its White Subjects in ‘Benito Cereno’, ‘What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?’ and Playing in the Dark

Herman Melville’s short story ‘Benito Cereno’ (1855), Frederick Douglass’ speech ‘What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?’ (1852) and Toni Morrison’s literary critique Playing in the Dark (1993) differ greatly in form and context. Yet each focusses on the binary between white and black Americans, examining the ways by which each of these races perceives and interacts with the other. These racial binaries in the texts demonstrate the ways in which white Americans are affected by their own sense of supremacy, how their culture is shaped by their racism towards African …show more content…

This ignorance is, throughout the short story, referred to as Delano’s ‘innocence’, a trait definitive of a man of the New World, unsullied, unlike Europeans, by the corruption of antiquity. At the story’s opening, he is described as ‘a person of a singularly undistrustful good nature, not liable… to indulge in personal alarms any way involving the imputation of malign evil in man’ (37). Since the tale is focalised through Delano, the reader is forced to adopt a similar level of naïveté as the unsuspicious captain, however the third person narrator gives, from the outset, a warning to the reader about Delano’s unwillingness to see bad. ‘Whether, in view, of what humanity is capable,’ they write, ‘such a trait implies… more than ordinary quickness and accuracy of intellectual perception, may be left to the wise to determine’ (38). This humorous interjection of the narrator’s casts Delano’s reliability in a dubious light. This is just one among many signs that the story’s protagonist might be slow on the uptake. Other signals include the abundance of grey imagery in the opening scene, the sky seeming a ‘gray surtout’ filled with flights of both ‘troubled gray fowl’ and ‘troubled gray vapours’ (37), this indeterminate colour suggesting confusion and the deception of appearances; and the San Dominick’s

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