Radiological Prevention

Children are more susceptible to changes in their cells if given adult doses of radiation. Primary risks to

Child is a gift from God. Every parent hopes for a healthy child. However, abnormalities in the fetus growth becoming common nowadays. These may be due to physical, radiation and chemical factors. These factors will cause deformities such as genetic mutation which causes mental retardation, abnormal body buildup and other conditions which bring a lot of troubles in the future to the child themselves and their parents. Modern technologies and innovations in the medical field had developed a method to detect the abnormality before delivery and prevent this future tragedy to happen. This method is known as prenatal screening. There are several advantages and disadvantages of prenatal screening.

The article Radiation Protection of Medical Staff1 looks at the various occupational hazards medical imaging personnel face on a day to day basis. As technology has improved over the years, there has been an increase in the number of medical imaging procedures in which medical imaging staff must stay in the room or near the patient when the radiation exposure takes place. Because of this, medical imaging personnel could be at a substantial risk of occupational exposure to radiation and they must be aware of the proper actions and steps that are in place to keep their occupational exposure dose as low as reasonably achievable.

Requirement 39 of GSR Part 3 addresses the special requirements for the pregnant and breast feeding patients to protect the embryo/fetus for medical exposure in planned exposure situations. However, PAK/904 only addresses the justification for such exposure, and does not address the requirements in detail as addressed in GSR Part 3.

The MRI scan is one of the most recent technologies that employ radio waves, magnetism and the aid of a computer to give images of parts of the body that are subjected to this scan (Radiological Society of North America, 2012). The scanner is seen as a tube that has been surrounded by a giant circular magnet into which the patient is pushed with the aid of a movable bed. Of significance to note here is that the MRI produces no radiation at all hence the patients are not subjected to x-rays or any other form or radiations. MRI therefore poses no or little risk to life if there be any hence can be used even among the pregnant women.

She found that when the incipient organisms and embryos of pregnant ladies were presented to low stomach X-beam dosages of 5 to 10 milligray, their resulting infants were

MRI is a noninvasive diagnostic examination with on ionizing radiation & no known associated negative side effects or reported delayed sequels. The American College of Radiology white paper on MR safety states that pregnant patients can be accepted to undergo MR images at any stage of pregnancy if the risk-benefit ratio to the patient warrants that the study be performed and only if other non-ionizing diagnostic imaging methods are inadequate.

There are several prenatal screenings being performed today. The one that seems to be the most famous is an ultrasound scan; this form of testing allows the doctor and the mother to see the baby organs, how well it is growing and determine the sex of the baby. Another screen is the transvaginal ultrasound. And as uncomfortable as it may be the doctor and mother are presented with clearer images of the baby. These form of ultrasound aren't only safe for the baby but for the other as well as no form of radiation is involved. The problem with the transvaginal ultrasound is, in order for the ultrasound to be carried out the tech have to cover the instrument with a covering that contains latex and could possibly cause an allergic reaction in those

While healthy babies are born every day, not everyone is so fortunate. In many cases, diagnostic radiology is required for patients during their childhood. Can having this radiation during the formative years lead to adverse effects later in life? The biggest concern from radiation is the risk of cancer. Cancer can occur at any dose from ionizing radiation because it is a stochastic effect, meaning that it is probabilistic. The probability of a stochastic effect, such as cancer, increases as the dose increases. While receiving this radiation may be necessary, it can cause some serious trouble later in life, such as breast cancer, leukemia, and thyroid cancer.

With intentional exposures comes many thoughts and questions on why. First off, the medical physicist should justify whether or not the exam is needed, risks versus benefits. Then they should communicate this with the patient. Communicating with the patient can be hard. They need to fully understand the risks that may come out of having the exposure. Then the exam needs to executed perfectly for optimization of the exposure, no repeats should be taken. 5 They need to have a small exposure time and appropriate exposure factors. The primary beam should be pointing away from the fetus if there is any way possible and restricting/collimating the beam size as much as possible.6It is very important to get the patient positioned just perfect the first time. It is also very important to collimate just enough and not too much because then you are defeating the purpose. You are actually giving the patient more radiation because something was clipped out of the image that needed to be there if you collimate too

Human development research refers to pregnancy loss in young and older women. The embryonic stem cell can be used to determine developmental issues that can arise during pregnancy. For instance, genes are known to be turned on and off during development (Stem Cell Information, 2015). When this is done at the wrong time it can lead to abnormal growth

Pediatric imaging is one of the most controversial topics in the radiology field. When imaging any patient, dose, shielding, and risk versus benefit are important factors to consider. However, with pediatrics, those factors plus other considerations become especially important as we begin to consider how the radiation affects their growing cells. The ionizing radiation causes interactions with the atom causing the atom to become charged or ionized. Children are particularly vulnerable to ionizing radiation because their cells are constantly undergoing high rates of cell division. Which makes pediatric, individuals 18 and under, imaging and adult imaging incomparable. Pediatric imaging requires specific examinations, training, and quality of

If the patient decides to continue with the pregnancy, there are many screening steps required for acceptable management of the disease. Ultrasonography of the fetus should be used throughout gestation, with a focus on the ocular structures. Neonatal magnetic resonance imaging has also been developed at some centers, which may allow to be more sensitive in detecting smaller calcifications. However, the method of magnetic resonance imagining in the fetus has not been studied enough in the context of a cancer risk fetus in regards to fetus safety. Some experts suggest that there should be early induction of the newborn, if they have been identified as “harboring high-risk features” on screening tests. However, this approach is not accepted with all experts in the USA. Therefore, this decision should be made on a case by case basis between all expert physicians involved in their respective fields (Gombos, 2012).

Patients tend to be more cooperative and receptive to radiographic procedures when radiation protection is provided. Patient protection includes the use of lead collars and lead aprons during radiographic imaging procedures. Lead collars are designed to protect the thyroid. These collars have been found to substantially reduce radiation to the thyroid during dental radiographic examinations.8 There are varying perspectives on the necessity of lead aprons and thyroid collar shields. Selection criteria guidelines recommend that all precautions should be taken and patient shielding be provided whenever possible, particularly for children, women of childbearing age, and pregnant women.1 The National Council on Radiation Protection

In an effort to address the issue of radio frequency radiation exposure in this community, we will provide a background on the sources of radio frequency radiation as well as the known and suspected health effects. We will also proposed two epidemiological studies and discuss risk management and