Rafael Velez Essay

There are multiple health concerns worldwide and more and more drugs are needed every day. Many drugs however, are extremely expensive to develop, test, and produce. According to the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development (2002), it costs up to $802 million to bring a new drug to the market. In 2002, pharmaceutical companies spent $34 billion in research and development (Center-Watch, 2003). In addition to the costs, the overall time from the discovery to approve and market the drug can take up to 15 years.

Fernando Botero is an internationally acclaimed figurative artist and sculptor. He is one of the most traded and recognized artists from Latin America. His art is exhibited in international museums worldwide and follows an art-style he spent years to perfect. Fernando Botero’s success began in Columbia; he then moved Barcelona, Madrid and finally Paris where he now spends most of his time. Botero’s beginner art was frequently criticized for “lacking its own identity” as it was influenced by the works of various renowned artists such as Diego Rivera, Pablo Picasso, Francisco Goya and Diego Velasquez. As a result, Botero developed his own, unique style known as “Boterismo” (Bertamini). However, Fernando Botero’s newly founded style was often

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was born on March 21, 1794 in Jalapa, Vera Cruz and died in 1876, in Mexico City. Santa Anna had started in the military in 1810 as a cadet at the age of 16, and was promoted to Brigadier General in 1822. In 1828 Santa Anna became the governor of Vera Cruz. He became governor again in Vera Cruz in the year 1829. Then in 1833 he was elected the president of Mexico. Santa Anna led the Mexican attack on the Alamo in Texas in the year 1835. Santa Anna eventually captured the Alamo. The Texans recorded 257 deaths and the Mexican Army had between 400-600 deaths. Later on his carelessness in the end allowed Sam Houston to win the battle of San Jacinto. Santa Anna was able to gain back his authority when the

Francisco J. Garcia Cabeza de Vaca, the new governor of Tamaulipas as of approximately eight months ago, has been fighting crime even before he was elected. First as Mexico’s senator for the state Tamaulipas and then as a candidate for governor.

* No foreseeable new product in pipeline. Currently takes up to 11,000 compounds to be screened to find one (1) compound to send through final testing (human trials). And even then it’s not guaranteed to make it past the FDA.

Paragraph (1) : During her entire working life in the United States, Carmen Queveda has hidden in plain sight. As a babysitter, the undocumented immigrant has taken children under her care to play in the park. As a housekeeper, she starts each day taking a leisurely walk with her boss’s two dogs. A) Contextual meaning ; words: plain and sight

The CEO and Co-founder of Seattle Genetics, Dr. Clay Siegall, recently sat down for an interview with Inspirey. Seattle Genetics is a biotech firm whose specialty is developing drugs to help combat fatal diseases like cancer where there has not been significant drug improvement for decades. Dr. Siegall who holds a Ph.D. in Genetics from George Washington University and a B.S. Degree in Zoology from the University of Maryland stated in his interview with Inspirey that he has always had an interested in medicine and the use of technology. This interest led him to fulfill a desire of becoming his own boss, by taking control of his own patents, products, and developments.

Nucleon is a small biotechnology start-up company focused on developing biotechnological pharmaceutical products based on a class of proteins known as cell regulating factors. The company has been in the market for five years, and currently, they are in the process of human trials for their first potential product, “cell regulating protein-1” (CRP-1). Overcoming these phases, Nucleon has to decide among several alternatives on producing CRP-1. Knowing that the process involved a tremendous amount of time and money, Nucleon has to choose the right decision for their long-term survival in the intensively competitive and high-stakes drug industry.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSilicon Valley Medical Technologies (SIVMED) was founded as a research and development firm. In the beginning, SIVMED performed its own basic research, obtained patents on promising technologies, and then either sold or licensed the technologies to other firms which marketed the products. The firm has since then grown and is now contracted to perform research and testing for larger genetic engineering firms, biotechnology firms, the US government, and is now widely recognized as the leader in an emerging growth industry. SIVMED's founders were relatively wealthy individuals when they started company, and they committed a great deal of their own funds to the venture. Their personal funds, however, were soon exhausted by the

MedTech Pharmaceuticals began with great potential and knowledgeable individuals who could make this company a success. Doug Reynolds, founder of MedTech Pharmaceuticals had a vision; therefore, changing his position from research and venturing in a new direction seemed to be the right move (Johnston & Marshall, 2009). Additionally, Doug had the expertise in the drug makeup from his molecular biology background; thus, Doug chose to make two drug compounds to treat skin cancers (Johnston & Marshall, 2009).

In order to decide on the R&D portfolio, an objective quantitative analysis might not be suitable considering the high levels of uncertainities and consequently the risks involved in pharmaceutical research projects. It is important to have a qualitative analysis of the situation as a whole that includes Vertex’s own financial position, strategic implications, a quantitative analysis of its Portfolios with realistic estimations and a risk analysis of the portfolios.

Group President, Worldwide Biopharmaceuticals Businesses, 2006-2010 Led commercial businesses in Europe, Canada, Latin America, Africa and Middle East Regions, 2000-2006 Led Latin America and Canada

As mentioned in class, as well as in the required Krishna (2008) article, the drug development and approval process is an extensive and costly endeavor. The goal of experimental medicine is to increase the efficiency of drug development by providing a better understanding of the drug’s mechanism(s) of action, dose response, efficacy, and safety, allowing the process to be accelerated for the most promising and efficacious candidates (Krishna, Herman, & Wagner, 2008).

Although R&D has been retained by the large pharmaceutical firms, there has been a continuous decline in the R&D productivity. Controlling R&D is imperative to the success of a Pharmaceutical firm. However, as the pharmaceutical industry is maturing, there are diminishing returns to the R&D investment. Fewer and fewer blockbuster drugs are being discovered and therefore R&D is not the most value adding component in the value

ISSN: 2277- 7695 TPI 2014; 3(7): 08-12 © 2013 TPI www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 14-08-2014 Accepted: 28-08-2014 Rizwan Raheem Ahmed Professor, Department of Business Administration & Commerce Indus University, Pakistan