Rainfall Case Report

The data in the charts provides information to support the theory that less rainfall will

From the CER maps (Figure 9), it can be observed that in 2013 ISMR the entire region had witnessed high CER values while other years were partially cover by cloud drops of different radii. The high rainfall intensity during 2013 ISMR could be the manifestation of the high CER values observed during that year compared to the other years (Figure 12). However, the low CER values in the other years can be seen in conjugation with high aerosol loading during that period. Similar trend is also observed in LWP plots for the study area during 2012-15 ISMR (Fig 13). It is evident from the figure 9 that LWP varies from low to high values over the region while, it is more homogeneous in 2014 and 2015 ISMR. The OLR was considerably

Over the years, this area became humid with 36 inches of rain per year. Temperatures in

3. Statements (1) and (2) refer to water amounts. Are these Net or Gross amounts? (1) Crop water

Quito is the capital city from Ecuador where is considering a high elevation area with approximately 2800 meters above sea level in its elevation. Also, the city is located in the center of Andean Region and it is influenced by the equatorial line with latitudes nearest to 0 grades and being in a Tropical Region without seasons (Figure 1). Moreover, Quito doesn’t present stations, only the city shows two times considered like a dry and a wet season. The mean temperature during the year has a mean in minimum about 9.0°C and a maximum 25.4 °C20, also presented a high precipitation near to 1126 mm on 2015 that let to have a high density cloud every year.

1. What do the colors indicate about the change in average temperature over time from 1884 to 2012?

Mean precipitation is another factor

Maryland and the District of Columbia have similar average annual precipitation patterns (based on a period of 30 years from 1951-1980) with 42 inches and 43 inches, respectively. Although the precipitation pattern distributed evenly throughout the year, the spring and summer months (May – September) get approximately 2.5 inches more precipitation compared to the rest of the year (USGS, 1999). Furthermore, apart from the seasonal variation in the precipitation rates, there has been an increase in the annual precipitation rate of Washington, DC, since 1965 (see methods/discussion

St. Louis falls into the mellow midlatitude atmosphere gathering, and this is a district loaded with air mass complexities (Hess, 2011). These differentiations cause a mixture of unsettling influences in the air leaving St. Louis with an assortment of climate (Hess, 2011). The summers have a tendency to have more precipitation with the coastal stream and incessant convection (Hess, 2011). However winter can encounter rain and periodic snow due to midlatitude typhoons (Hess, 2011).

Diaz, H. F., & Wahl, E. R. (2015). Recent California Water Year Precipitation Deficits: A 440-Year Perspective*. Journal Of Climate, 28(12), 4637-4652. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00774.1

Climate change data was collected from the IPPC AR4 General Circulation Model (GCM). The GCM is regionally dependent and shows the different mixes of greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere. (Sheffield & Wood, 2007, p.81) The simple mutlicalar drought index (SPEI) is used to show the climatic water balance. Monthly or weekly difference physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) and precipitation and is calculated at different times. (Vicente-Serrano, Beguería, & López-Moreno, 2009, p. 1699) Streamflow data was obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrological Climate Date Network (HCDN). (Regonda, Rajagopalan, Clark, & Pitlick, 2004, p.374) Snowfall data is gathered from surveys that were performed by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and precipitation data was gathered from the National Weather Service Cooperative Network. (Regonda, Rajagopalan, Clark, & Pitlick, 2004, p.375)

Kairos describes about current events that the article published that’s affecting the people right now. “During the evolution of a rain event, the collision– coalescence and the collisional breakup dominate the resultant of the flooding that’s caused California to go into state emergency” (D’Adderio, Porcu, and Tokay). What the authors said stated was that the rain patterns changed and California was one of the affected places that witness huge amounts of rainfalls than previous decades, which it’s an event that occurring this year. The authors states, “If there is a dry layer underneath the precipitation, evaporation also plays a significant role, especially at the small-drop end, in which affects current climate changes in parts of the Earth”

To examine whether or not there is a link between drought and water quality types of drought had to be examined in order to choose which drought index to use. A drought is deficiency in precipitation over some period of time. Water shortages can include impacts on vegetation, animals, and/or people. For this project, The Palmer Hydrological Index was chosen because it provides numerical classifications of drought. The PHDI includes standardized calculations for each location based on temperature and precipitation variability of the specific location. This type of calculation makes the data collection and analysis easier, as impairment can be compared to a numerical value and drought is calculated specifically based on the regions temperature and precipitation variability.

The highest population which aligned with locality and climate requirements was Buenos Aries, with an urban agglomeration population of nearly 14 million. Situated along the east coast of Argentina, the city shares its boundaries with 24 other districts, forming the Greater Buenos Aries (Figure 6). This region spans over 3880 km2 with a population density of over 3500 persons/km2 (Table 3). However, within the city centre, i.e. in Buenos Aries alone, the population density increases to 14000 persons/km2. The two urban stations are located in Buenos Aries and in the surrounding district of El Parlomar. These stations are situated in central metropolitan areas with population densities of 15296 persons/km2 and 2926 persons/km2 (Table 2). These densities are in contrast with those found in the neighbouring regions of the rural weather stations. In Ministro Pistarini and on the outskirts of La Plata, the population density of the rural stations was estimated from the population density of the total internal province, with density of 20 persons/km2 (Table 2). Similarly, the elevation of the stations had a minimal difference of 7 m (Table

23. Why does reduction in soil moisture content pose an impending disaster for many areas in the world?