The proposed study will be a quantitative pilot randomized control trial design to determine the feasibility and acceptability of the interventions, methodology and evaluation methods, as well as provide data to facilitate a randomized control study (Feely, et al., 2009). The study will evaluate the effects of the intervention on nerve impulse transmission to the brain, described in the pain gate theory, through comparison of preschool children’s perception of pain and physiological response in children (Moayedi & Davis, 2013; Tansky & Lindberg, 2010). The comparison will evaluate if children who receive distraction, through nurse led singing, pain perception and response differs from children who receive basic intervention while receiving a intramuscular immunization (Moayedi & Davis, 2013; Tansky & Lindberg, 2010). The dependent variable will be defined as the self-report of pain through utilization of tools successful in evaluating pediatric pain: the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale and a Visual Analogue Scale (Garra, et al., 2010). A secondary outcome is defined as a change in pulse, respiration rate and blood pressure. Vital signs will be taken at three time intervals during immunization: five minutes prior, …show more content…
Limitations to the participants include: up to date immunizations, no barriers to communication, no developmental delays, no chronic illness and no recent hospital admissions. The proposed study will be monitored with audio videotaping to assess feasibility of how the intervention was administered and to examine intervention fidelity and study protocol through watching the recorded video to ensure interventions were administered accurately and precisely (Feeley, et al., 2009; McQueen, Dennis, Stremler, & Norman, 2011). Thus, the following research questions will be
Children have multiple or prolonged exposure to trauma, experience various symptoms and reactions, and long for progressive techniques to heal their pain.
I spent the past week reviewing all the data I have collected to this point. The data and health needs reported in Healthy People 2020, as well as the epidemiological and community data I collected, convey consistent themes. The HP 2020 topics of injury and violence prevention, hearing and communication disorders, oral health and access to health services all appear to be topics of concern and are identified health needs of the community I am targeting. With epidemiological data showing the rates of autism climbing at steady levels, the need for an increase awareness and planned interventions involving these health topics will be essential to meet the objectives established by the federal government.
Vaccine completion rates were similar to those reported by others and did not differ according to the levels of intervention delivered
Children presenting to the emergency department are often subjected to painful and anxiety-producing procedures, both for diagnostic purposes and for treatment of symptoms. Historically, pediatric patients have not been afforded the same level of care as adults with regard to the management of procedural pain. Pain in the young child age group (1-7 years) has often been under-treated,
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) claim that immunizations are one of the most successful interventions in public health history (2015). The CDC is qualified to make this statement as research shows the vaccinations have eradicated smallpox and nearly eliminated the polio virus, in addition to diminishing the occurrences of preventable infectious diseases such as measles, diphtheria and whooping cough (2015). However, despite the statistics and research, in 2015, only 71.6% of the children between 19 and 35 months received the combined 7 vaccine series (CDC, 2015). This decline in vaccination rate can have devastating effects not only on the individual child, but also on the community, as a whole. Consequently,
Nevertheless, infant health evaluation from time to time is important since it helps professionals to advise parents on what to expect in the coming months. Therefore, time to talk about vaccines is stressful, but when a child is ready to receive vaccines, nothing is more paramount than making the time to assess the parents’ information requirement as well as the impact they make in
My ideal audience for this presentation would include new and parents to be, so that they are able to make educated decisions with regards to vaccinating their children. The information about vaccinations will be beneficial for every person in the world. This presentation will also be educational to any person that plans to become a parent, or a grandparent, at any time in the near, or not so near, future.
Peter Stalmans and associates143 conducted a randomized control trial. Its data support the finding that intravitreal injection of ocriplasmin leads to resolution of vitreomacular traction, induction of posterior vitreous detachment, and closure of a macular hole in some cases. The incidence of vitrectomy was lower among the patients who received ocriplasmin than among those who received placebo. A sham injection would have provided a better comparison with the natural history of the disease process than that provided by the group of patients who received a placebo, which was chosen to control for the effect of an intravitreal injection. The main visual symptom of vitreomacular traction and macular holes is decreased visual acuity. Although more
Pediatric pain management is measured subjectively because it is based off of what the patient says or how the nurse interprets the pain scale. Pain is rated using different scales, unfortunately these different scales could yield different results. Nurses are trained to use pediatric pain scales to analyze and treat pain but parents are not supplied with the tools to manage pain when the patient goes home. With 84% of all pediatric surgical procedures performed on an outpatient basis, the importance of teaching parents how to assess for and manage pain has become more important than ever (Rony, Fortier, Chorney, Perret, & Kain, 2010). According to Rony’s et al. (2010) study, it is apparent that pediatric pain is not being treated effectively. The study showed that 58.8% of children were receiving less than the daily recommended does prescribed by the pediatrician (p.1). Results of the study also showed that parents had false assessments on if their child was actually in pain. 36% of parents believed that if their child was in pain, they would cry out for the parent , 30% agreed that their child would always tell them if they are in pain, while 22% said that the child would report their pain immediately (Rony, Fortier, Chorney, Perret, & Kain, 2010, ). Children do not always verbalize when they are in pain. Sometimes the pain can be so intense that a child is unable to talk. If the child catches on to the parents negative perception of pain medications, the child may not
Evidence-based interventions include “increasing community demand for vaccinations, enhancing access to vaccination services, and provider- or system-based interventions” (Turnock, 2009, p. 43). Interventions to increase community demand include client
There are many things that I would change to make sure that independent studies are effectively used in the classroom. I think one of the things that I would do is make sure that I do different levels of independent study. In each of the models there is a building block that needs to be done before we establish what most of us think of as an independent study. For example, I would use the Treffinger model for self-directing learning (Johnsen & Goree, 2009, pg. 420). At the end of each nine-weeks the students would have a project to be completed on a topic that we have covered (Johnsen & Goree, 2009, p. 426). They would have minimal class time but be guided through the process giving the different steps, when they are due, and defining
Today I was able to accomplish my goals of seeing how the nurses interact with the different age groups and learning more about immunizations. Today there were several patients coming in to get vaccines, ranging from the age of 4 months to 13 years old. During each appointment, I was able to observe how the nurse interacted with them, for example using a high-pitched voice for the baby and being more playful for the older children. I was also able to observe the nurse preparing and giving several vaccinations. The nurse walked me through how she organizes all her vaccines and keeps track of which vaccine is which and also where to give them. She explained that if she gives multiple vaccines she likes to give a more painful shot on one
The method of selecting the sample was clearly defined and the sample size met the suggested guideline for minimum sample size. Data was collected using the National Immunization Survey (NIS). This was accomplished in two phases. Phase I, was the conduction of a telephone survey whose goal was geared to identify households that comprised children aged 19-35 months. During Phase II, surveys were mailed to those children’s vaccination providers. It was noted, that of the 17,313 children aged 19-35 months sampled by the NIS, the researchers analyzed data on a subsample of 11,206 children who were aged 24-35 months and who had adequate provider data returned from the mail in survey. According to the researchers 99.4% of respondents interviewed via telephone were either parents or grandparents and were determined to be the most knowledgeable person in the household
When I attended the immunizations clinic at Terrace Public Health Unit, there was lots of teaching in regards to immunizations and developmental stages for children between the ages of 2 months and 18 months old. For the purpose of this section, I will look at the 2 month old visits because these visits have the most teaching about immunizations. The principles that were integrating into the teaching of immunizations for the 2 month visits were atraumatic, and family centred. The teaching that the public health nurse provided to mothers who was still breastfeeding her infant when the infant is receiving the immunization just to breastfeed to distract and minimize the pain and distress.
As a nurse, I am expected to be aware and educated about various health issues and their symptomatic nature. It is because of this reasoning, that I became interested in understanding why countless children die every year, due to preventable illnesses. During my research, I came across a debate on whether immunizations can cause autism and found this topic to be quite interesting and informative. I believe this topic is quite relevant to my future nursing practice because I eventually want to utilize my training, in the service area of pediatrics. The rise in childhood communicable diseases is a significant issue that can affect both the health and life of a child. For these reasons, parents need to have accurate information to be able to make informed decisions about their child’s health care needs.