Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Has Been Found Throughout the Dreaming Process

This is a short article written by a collaboration of people by a company named Today’s Science. Their main goal was to describe the pattern of sleep a human goes through during the night. This cycle is called NREM and REM, non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement. They mostly describe what happens during sleep because without sleeping you could not dream. Dreaming occurs during the rapid eye movement cyc

Methods: The participants, all males age 23-32, slept in a dark, quiet lab while their brain waves and eye movements were recorded. They were not aloud to sleep at all during the day when they were not in the lab because they might dream. To establish a base for the experiment, participants in the study were allowed to sleep normally for a few nights. The next few nights the participants were fully awaken every time that they started to dream. The next section was the recovery phase where they could sleep normally followed by more nights where they would be woken between

Have you ever not gotten enough sleep, or cut your sleep short for a class? Show of hands? Alright, well today I will be speaking with you about a subject that is near and dear to all of our hearts. Today I will be talking about sleep, specifically about REM sleep. First off does anyone know what the initials REM even stand for? REM stands for rapid eye movement, and it is the stage of sleep in which most dreams occur. It gets its name from the way your eyes move back and forth in this stage. Though those movements are slower than how your eye would move when you are awake. During a typical night, you cycle between REM and non-REM sleep, but spend the majority of your time asleep in non-REM.

All mammals exhibit Rapid-Eye-Movement, or REM, sleep, and yet on certain levels this type of sleep would seem to be disadvantageous. During REM sleep, which is when most dreams occur, the brain uses much more energy than during non-REM (NREM) sleep. (1) This "waste" of energy coupled with the increased vulnerability of this state on account of the body's paralysis at this time suggests that there must be a very important reason, or reasons, for the existence of REM sleep and in extension of dreams. Determining the function of dreams, however, has proved very problematic with many arguments which directly oppose each other. Some of the primary functions of dreaming have been

The average human spends about 25 years of their life sleeping. That is equal to one-third of a person’s life. So if sleep is vital and common among every single human, what do you know about it? What happens when we sleep (Attention Grabber)? Before the 1950s, scientists believed that the brain would just “shut off” when we would go to sleep. It wasn’t until the discovery of the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) state that scientists really looked into what happens in the brain while we are asleep. Studies have found that we go through a cycle of stages during sleep, and it is important for our health (Orientation to Topic). Today, I am going to inform you about what really happens when we sleep, and some issues that are found among it (Specific Purpose). In order to really understand this worldwide commonality, you need to know some background on sleep, the stages in the cycle, and some common disorders (Central Idea). I have taken a year long psychology course that went into depth on sleep psychology, and I have done extensive research on the topic to better grasp it (Statement of Credibility). I want to inform you on sleep so you can understand what happens when you close your eyes every night, and so you can detect any irregularities in your sleep pattern (Statement of Goodwill). First, I will give a background of why and how we know to sleep, then I will explain the stages in the sleep cycle, and finally I will tell you about some common disorders (Preview).

Rapid Eye Movement(REM) has been correlated with dreams and sleep physiology. It has been tracked by brain waves and muscle movements. Non-Rem(NREM) sleep is the first phase which occurs for 1-7 minutes and the easiest to be interfered with. The brain begins firing betawaves every 15-30 seconds. After a while the person becomes asleep and breathing regularly between 6-8 seconds in the second stage. The heart rate begins to slow down and so does the blood pressure. In the third stage there are more thetawaves along with sleep spindles(sigma waves) and k-waves. Most of the noise are lock out and the heart rate and blood pressure are decreasing. In the fourth phase there are thetawaves in the appearance of delta waves firing at 1-5 seconds. The last and final stage, the person is in their deepest sleep and it is very difficult to wake up. The heart rate and blood pressure are at their lowest and the delta wave are blasting every 1-5 seconds.

Many biotic scientists believe that sleep is a positive role, which is necessary for human's life. It has been shown that there are four sleep stages basics, and a dreamer has to have an NREM sleep which is before the REM sleep. Shafton (1995) states that when a person lay to sleep, they enter sleep onset or stage one by closing their eyes, but their eyes still have uncoordinated movements (SEMs). After a short time, they move to the next stages, which are two, three, to four sleep stage, and that takes ninety minutes to complete a sleep cycle. He also explains that during sleep stages two to four, the eye movements are absent, which is known as NREM sleep. In 1953, the REM was found by Aserinsky and Kleitman, which they explained it as a rapid

The average person sleeps around four months a year, begging the question why do humans dedicate such a large portion of our time asleep? One of the key components of sleep are dreams, many psychologists have attempted to figure out why dreams are beneficial to us, some of these theories include: Wish-fulfillment, problem solving, replay, and activation-synthesis. Through analyses of my dream, I will demonstrate that activation-synthesis is the most logical explanation as to why we dream.

Moreover, many of the claims the article makes, as outlined above, have a biological and psychological scientific basis; however, the article fails to mention the sources from which its conclusions was drawn from. That said, in this paper three differing journal articles will be presented that focus on the different processes that take place during sleep. The scientific journal articles will be analyzed and compared to the Cosmopolitan article. as summarized above.

Our awareness of the complexity of sleep expanded in 1953 with the discovery of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep by Aserinsky and Kleitman. Sleep was no longer considered a homogenous state, but rather a dynamic process of cycling between two distinct states, non-REM and REM sleep. Under normal circumstances the boundaries between non-REM, REM and wakefulness are well declared. Dissociative sleep disorders involve a breakdown of these boundaries (Mahowald and Schenck 1992), and provide a unique window on the neurophysiological mechanisms responsible for each state. Narcolepsy, a disorder of the boundary between wakefulness and REM sleep, is probably the most studied disorder of this nature. The following is a review of another recently

Non-REM sleep has 4 stages as it is the longest level of sleep. Each stage has certain characteristics and patterns of brain wave activity. REM sleep is a stage associated with dreaming. Motor neurons are inhibited to avoid acting out the responses while actively dreaming. However, the eye muscles are not inhibited for unknown reasons which allow the eyes to move rapidly which explains why it is called REM sleep. Sometimes parts of the brain can be more active and random than when it is awake but it varies with the intensity of the

Keith Hearne in 1975. He did it by catching the events of the conscious eye movements from

Eugene was able to determine that brain dos not shut down when one goes to sleep. He was further able to analyze brain wave patterns and discover Rapid Eye Movement Cycles, or REM. Cortisol is a hormone that keeps organisms feeling awake, while melatonin causes organisms to feel tired. Through interpreting alpha waves, Aserinksy labeled the first stage of sleep, in which one might feel as though he/she is falling because of its hypnagogic nature, as NREM-1. Following NREM-1, the second stage, NREM-2 can be characterized by rapid activity as a sleep spindle. NREM-3 is characterized by slow, rolling alpha waves. The final stage of sleep is REM. This last, deepest stage of sleep is that in which vivid visual dreams are experienced, as all muscles in the body are relaxed, with the exception of the brain. From both biological and psychological perspectives, REM is entirely

During this process, dreams occur due to activity in the brain and the voluntary muscles are immobilized. REM sleep is defined by rapid movement of the eyes, raised respiratory rate and elevated brain activity. This stage occurs about 90 minutes into a person’s sleep and repeats itself every 90 minutes getting longer throughout the night; people spend about 25% of their sleep time in this

Lucid dreaming is a term used to describe a specific state of awareness that can be reached by dreamers while they are in the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) stage of their sleep cycle (Holzinger, LaBerge, & Levitan, 2006, p. 88). This level of consciousness is characterized by the sleeping individual’s recognition of the fact that they are in dream, their capabilities to intentionally engage in certain activities within the dream, and their ability to manipulate information and memories created in both the dream world and waking life through rationalization while they are dreaming (Holzinger, LaBerge, & Levitan, 2006, p. 88).