Rarity Blood Type

The lack of intrinsic factor in the stomach leads to a vitamin B-12 deficiency. Vitamin B-12 is necessary for production of normal, healthy red blood cells. Without B-12, red blood cells become to large(macrocytic) and do not carry enough oxygen to supply the body. Without enough oxygen the body can not function normally and a person is said to be anemic (Pernicious Anemia, n.d.).

Type AB: The genotype is AB. The antigens on the blood cell are A and B. There are no A or B antibodies in the blood plasma.

Sickle cell: One of the first inherited diseases to be unraveled at the level of DNA was sickle-cell anemia which is defined as abnormal, crescent-shaped red blood cells that results from a single change in the amino acid sequence of the cell's hemoglobin, which causes the cell to contort, especially under low-oxygen conditions. (medical dictionary, 2017) Also, called drepanocyte, meniscocyte. Also, this blood disorder mostly affects Africans and natives of the Mediterranean region are those who are affected by malaria. A single mutation in the gene for the blood protein hemoglobin can affect its ability to transport oxygen around the body. People who inherit two copies of the same mutation, one from each parent, have severe symptoms.

Of One Blood is a story about an African American character named Reuel Briggs, who is light enough to pass as white and manages to get into medical school. However, along with journey, he faces many challenges, including having to have to travel to Africa in an attempt to get away from poverty. W.E.B, Du Bios in his book The Soul of Black Folk discusses the hurdles confronted by African Americans. One of the main themes that are predominate in Of One Blood is the how great of a role identity plays in our lives. W.E.B Du Bois idea of the “double consciousness” and the “veil” that separates the black and white population adds depth to the theme of identity and challenges faced by people of color. This veil is where African American exited. WEB

This is very likely to determine whether Nikoleta’s abnormal red blood cell color and shape is part of a family history. It also notes that both parents have mild hypochromia and macrocytic anemia.

Blood type is the type of blood a person has that is passed down from the parents. The goal of this experiment was to find out if all the children were Mr. Johnson’s. The guided question was “Are all of Mr. Johnson’s children his biological offspring?” This relates back to the background information because the group had to find the blood type of each child and relate it to Mr. Johnson’s blood type.

There are four blood types found in humans. These are A blood type which has the genotype either AA or AO, B blood type which has the genotype either BB or BO, AB blood type which has the genotype AB, and O blood type which has the genotype OO. These genotypes show a combination of complete dominance and codominance. A and B traits are dominant to the recessive O trait, however, the A trait is codominant to the B trait. Each blood type codes for certain antigens. A blood codes for the A surface antigen, B blood codes for the B surface antigen, AB blood codes for both the A and B surface antigen, and O blood does not code for a surface antigen. Therefore to determine one’s blood type a test can be performed

The goal of this experiment is to determine the blood types of the samples given and to learn what interactions occurred to each blood type. Determining an individual’s blood type and how it reacts with Anti A, Anti-B, and Anti Rh serums played a crucial part in this experiment. The researcher concluded that agglutination (clumping) occurred in some of the blood samples. For example, Mr. Smith’s blood reacted with Anti-A and Anti-Rh serums (antibodies) allowing the researcher to determine the blood type is A. Mr. Jones’s blood reacted with Anti-B serum but it did not react to Anti-A or Anti Rh allowing the researcher to believe that the blood type is B. Mr. Green’s blood reacted with all serums and caused a reaction to occur resulting the blood type to be AB positive. Mr. Green’s blood also had a positive marker for Rh factor. However, Ms. Brown’s blood had no reaction at all and the researcher determined if no reaction occurred then the sample had no antigens but proved to have some antibodies, resulting in blood type to be O. The purpose of this experiment is to determine whose blood has type A, B, AB, or O.

To explain the ABO and Rh blood groups and to identify the universal donor and the universal acceptor (recipient).

There are many studies related to diabetes, but it necessary to research further those studies that focus on how race/genetic factor affects diabetes. The most common focus of many studies has been to consider to further research the relationship between B-cells and diabetes. It is also believed that type two diabetes may have been associated with some genetic factors of a specific race. It is mentioned that although it is rare, in some forms of diabetes mutations of one gene can cause the disease (Dean& McEntyre, 2004.). The idea is that there are many variations in genes sequencing, which makes it difficult to link the gene variations known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to the risk of developing diabetes. With that said,

This paper discusses the Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD), which is a deficiency of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) in the plasma. This protein helps prevent damage caused by neutrophil elastase, which fights against infection. The hereditary condition will be explained along with each of the alleles involved in the genes, Z, M, and S. AAT can be found on chromosome 14. AATD causes symptoms such as: cirrhosis of the liver, liver failure, jaundice, panniculitis, COPD, early-onset emphysema, and vasculitis. The treatments that will be discussed are: augmentation therapy, liver transplant, and intravenous therapies. Lastly, I will explain why testing for the genetic condition is important.

People who have Alpa and Beta Thalessemia trait have mild anemia. Most people are asymptomatic except feeling of tiredness.

1. Hemochromatosis is a recessive inherited disorder that affects the body’s mechanism of metabolizing it’s iron resources. Lack of proper metabolizing resources can result in excess iron depositions in the body; leading to infertility, psychiatric disorders as well as various heart diseases, and even death if left untreated. This disease is said to have originated from the Vikings in Northern Europe, and is quite common among those of Western European descent. Similar to hemochromatosis, cystic fibrosis is also a recessive hereditary disease, caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene that affects the movement of chloride ions between cells. As a result, the secretion of sweat, digestive juices and mucus are affected as well. Likewise, this disease

I believe that I am AB blood type, though I show characteristics of all the blood types. This type of blood is related more to being a mix of both A and B qualities and tend to be well liked. AB types are supposedly shy and confident, free loving, rational, analytical, harmonious, sociable, overly critical, irresponsible, forgetful, and indecisive. I find myself as most of these traits with the exception of irresponsibility, which I feel my parents taught me to be responsible. Being an older sister also forced me to be a responsible child and teenager since I would look after them. I try to be harmonious with the people around me and can be very sociable when I want. I try and look at things with a rational and analytical mind set. I am very

Blood grouping involves the use of ABO system as described by Karl Landsteiner. The grouping came into existence in the year 1900 after discovery by Nobel Prize winner Karl Landsteiner. He first discovered three blood types A, B, and O, but after two years he discovered the fourth blood group AB. This discovery led to four major types of blood that includes A, AB, B and O. The grouping depends on the presence of two chief antigens and antibodies. The two antigens responsible for blood grouping include A and B while the antibodies include anti-A and anti-B. The combination of the two antigens and antibodies thus determines the blood types. The blood type A has antigen A and antibody anti-B. The blood group B express Antigen B and antibody anti-A (Reid and Lomas, 2004). Blood group O express no antigen but possess antibodies