How do we define black people? Some might say that they are simply people with a different skin colour. Others may claim that black people are inferior to white people, and that black people should be subservient to white people. The definition of ‘black’ is the topic of William Raspberry’s article. He discusses how we define ‘black’ and how definitions don’t just negatively affect black people, but also how definitions in general negatively affect people.
I think the way Raspberry defines what ‘black’ is effective because he describes what a black person is thought to do and think, and how white people may think of black people. For example, if you play music ‘black’ you are said to play well, that is to say black people play music well. Also, if you tell a white broadcaster he talks ’black’, he will sign up for diction lessons (Raspberry 2015) i.e. white people think that black people do not speak proper English. These examples show how one ‘black’ quality has a positive connotation and how another quality has a negative connotation and I think that these kinds of examples help us easily build our definition of ‘black’ in the way Raspberry sees it. I believe that this method is effective because I
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Raspberry also mentions Larry Bird, a player in an American basketball team the Boston Celtics, whose professional basketball career ended in the early 90’s (Larry Bird Bio, n.d.). I found this example to be ineffective because this example is specific to America, that time and basketball. So while these examples may have been appropriate for Raspberry’s intended audience in America of that time, these examples are likely no longer appropriate for modern generations, especially for those who are not from America. Therefore, I think that if these examples were updated to their modern equivalents, Raspberry’s examples would have a better
2. "Usually people just call us blacky". What does this suggest about the attitudes of other people?
The separation of races in stereotypical ways is an ongoing problem throughout the world. Brent Staples is an individual who know this issue all too well. In Staples’ essay titled “Just Walk on By”, he uses countless rhetorical strategies to convey the harmful effects of stereotypes and race diversity. From his own personal encounters, he describes racial issues and how they can wrongfully define an individual. Staples begins by using powerful diction to bring this issue to life.
Socio-cultural definitions of race are created by society as a tool to further economic goals. The development of
Defining someone by their skin color is an everyday phenomenon. Many people see a specific shade of skin and believe they know exactly how that person is going to speak, carry, and illustrate themselves. It seems to be embedded in one’s head at a young age to have specific views given by family, friends, and coworkers such as, believing interracial relationships are immoral, or it being acceptable to judge others according to their skin color. In the articles “Race is a Four Letter Word” by Teja Arboleda and “Mr. Z” by M. Carl Holman, the color of the authors skin plays a substantial role on how they are treated and perceived. Living in a society that doesn’t understand one’s culture can make their life extremely difficult.
Through history, humanity had to deal with the same constant problem: racism. As a matter of fact, there is more than one type of racism. For example, there is racism by religion, by language, by country, by genre, and also by race. Apparently, society has a global idea of what is acceptable and what is politically correct. The story “Effigies” by Lucinda Roy, develop around Samuel Bernard Monroe, who always identify himself with, he believed, the right racial group, indeed he made a career out of “being black”. After all, the credibility of his identity is then in judgment after his nemesis Seraye Underwood, who was a “true black person” with strong skills and knowledgment about African-American studies, based her argument against him in the fact that he didn’t look “black”. The term of what counts is quality, not quantity, is globally known, as well as the achievements of a person do not have a color. As result, not having a specific cultural background nor physical characteristic should be part in the judgment of someone’s ability, moreover it shouldn't be a reason to hire or fire a person.
‘Whiteness’ is a socially constructed category of race, where people who are not ‘white’ are racially designated while ‘whites’ escape designation as if their racial category is not historically and ideologically based (Puzan, 2003). Race is socially constructed (Dyer, 1997) and it is important to acknowledge this in order to address its impact. Unless whiteness is labelled and confronted, being ‘white’ is usually considered the ‘norm’ which acquires certain social privileges, while all other socially-constructed categories of ‘race’ are considered different or, as Puzan (2003) terms it, the ‘racialised Other’.
In “What is this ‘black’ in black popular culture?”, Stuart Hall explores the importance of assuming a dialogic approach over an essentialist approach when it comes to examining black popular culture. He believes that essentialism presents racial differences as being natural and universal rather than being a concept constructed by society to create social hierarchies which we coexist in today. Hall felt as if essentialism aided in the creation of imaginary racial boundaries that people would attempt to remain within, resulting in behaviors that they felt were appropriate for their race. Hall believed that the discourse of black popular culture had to be acknowledged in regards to other discourses, such as the influences of black and white cultures
On a sociological basis, the notion of race is understood as a social construction. As a black student in France, Frantz Fanon writes of how the white man has made him a “slave not of the ‘idea’ that others have of [him] but of [his]
There have been various alterations to the definition of “Black”. In the USA Frederickson (1987) Illustrated in 1705, the state of Virginia boldly declared any child, grandmother, grandfather, grandchild of a Negro, would be deemed as a Negro. Consequently, in 1866, Virginia stated
Cross’ book Shades of black: diversity in African-American identity (1991) depicts a perceived metamorphous of black identity through five stages of development—his ideologies are now termed as the Nigrescence theory. In simple terms, this philosophy refers to the process of becoming Black. It also demonstrates daily struggles that the black community may have in developing a healthy personal identity. Over the years, many authors attempt to define what the word black means. Eventually, many came to begin using the politically acceptable term widely applied today to regard black people; that word is known as Negroes. As different historical events occurred, one being the black power revolution on the 1970’s the experience called for a fresh definition of the term negro. Blacks or Africans in America began to be more conscious of their identity and more aware of the differences separating them. This is the experience that Cross (1971) illustrates and is primarily referenced in his five-stage progress including: pre-encounter, encounter, immersion/emersion, internalization, and internalization-commitment. This book highlights some very vital topics relating to mental health, which has been carefully disregarded by other researchers. Nonetheless, it has strong affiliations to the black experience and can positively explain a more normal psychological behavior through logical and very thought provoking
Racism can be defined by the formula prejudice + power = racism. Racism is when racial prejudice is turned into action that harms others. Racism is the belief that one race of people is superior to another because of their colour or race. Racism is simply based on the colour of a person's skin. Racism is destructive and it disembowels people by shattering their identity.
To many people across a variety of different nationalities and cultures, race has been proven to be a key factor for how society views you in the eyes of those who are prominently in charge. The term race has been brought up in recent years, to be considered a form of identification, as the word race is used to describe physical characteristics such as a person’s color of skin, hair, and eyes. When in reality, the correct term they should be using is Ethnicity. As a result, the term race is used to separate people into sub-categories based on the color of their skin. This type of classification, is a man-made creation used by society to classify certain groups of people into lower classes, while keeping the predominate group in charge at the top.
The author hints that we shouldn’t associate contrary terms with people, contradictory to their race; rather, we need to disclose a positive label with the disgusting term known as black. (Hughes
“Racism the belief to distinguish a race with beliefs that they are superior to another”. As racism remains a major setback in America, it is in no Comparison to how it was like back in the days. From the pain it caused and the poor innocent people being tarnished on just cause of the color on their skin, this was a horrific phase to those who lived upon it. We have accomplished enormously but then again we still have much to improve. With the most discreet subtle form, modern racism is slowly catching up to us.
Society has a way of making assumptions based on one’s physical characteristics. Often at times we categorize individuals to a particular social group. In regard to society’ perception of an individual this however, contributes to the development of social construction of racism. Most people want to be identified as individuals rather than a member of specific social group. As a result, our social identity contains different categories or components that were influenced or imposed. For example, I identify as a, Jamaican, Puerto Rican and a person of color. I identify racially as a person of color and ethically as Jamaican and Puerto Rican. According to Miller and Garren it’s a natural human response for people to make assumptions solely