Rates Of Guildpox Vs. Guildford's TB Rate

Although ethnicity does relate to race, it is classified in a way that associates similar customs and traits of people. Broadly speaking, it’s a commonality of social and cultural heritage passed from generation to generation. Ethnicity gives the individual a sense of identity. Race, in contrast, is related to biological similarities; the specific and distinguishing bone structure, blood type and physical features that a particular race commonly shares. There may be underlying similarities due to the cultural and biological comparables supporting and highlighting the connection (Dowd, S., Giger, J., & Davidhizar, R., 1998). Giger & Davidhizar’s model addresses six observable but variable factors that have an effect on health care regardless of culture of the individual. These factors or phenomena as they are called; identify the existence of diversity between and within cultural groups (Tortumluoglu, 2006). This model proposes that every individual is culturally unique. The six phenomena are communication; space; social organization; time; environmental control; and biological variations.

It is know that the patient’s community or cultural group can have significant impact on a person’s health. Therefore, health care practitioners are faced with more challenges that include outside sources and they need to be willing to change their treatments to address the other sources.

There are multiple key components to providing a comprehensive cultural assessment. The first to consider is the patient’s biocultural variations and cultural aspects of the incidence of disease. A patient’s identified culture, ethnicity, and race can make a person more susceptible to certain diseases (Andrews & Boyle, 2016). The second component is communication. A patient’s preferred language should be identified, as well as his or her style of non-verbal language, and if an interpreter is needed (Andrews & Boyle, 2016). Third, the patient’s cultural affiliations should be identified. It is important to ask what culture the patient identifies with, and where the patient has lived throughout his or her life (Andrews & Boyle, 2016). The fourth concept is cultural sanctions and restrictions. This is information on the patient’s

Among many misconceptions, tuberculosis is not a disease of the past. Tuberculosis remains a public health issue. It is estimated that one-third of the total world population is infected by tuberculosis (TB). The American lung association (2013) states, in 2011 alone there were nearly 9,000,000 new diagnosed cases of tuberculosis around the world and an estimated 1.4 million deaths because of this disease. In the United States, TB is not as common (but still a problem). In 2011, only 10,500 people reported having TB (Trends in Tuberculosis Morbidity and

It is also possible to vaccinate against tuberculosis and the BCG vaccination is the most widely used vaccine in the world and is an integral part of the WHO immunisation programme in third world countries, (Colston, 1997). However, despite this vaccine, tuberculosis is still prevalent and an endemic disease in many countries. Colson (1997) further states that whilst a trial in 50,000 British school children in the 1950s and 1960s found that it provided an efficacy of 80%, and it was this evidence that expanded the vaccination programme. Yet, despite this, evidence has been mixed showing that the vaccine is less effective in some ethnic groups such as Native Americans therefore in some parts of the world the vaccine is hardly used. This is further compounded by recent evidence from unsuccessful vaccine trials in Malawi and South India, in which tuberculosis is a prevelent disease and so an effective vaccine is essential and so other treatment methods must be found to control and

In 2014, 72% of TB cases were found among people born outside the UK. India, Pakistan and Somalia were the most frequent countries of birth for non-UK born cases, though rates among this group have decreased significantly over the last two years. This decrease in rates is also true in the non-UK born population as a whole. TB remains an illness that is associated with health inequality. People in deprived communities have rates of TB seven times higher than people in the least deprived areas. 34% of cases were found among people not in education or

Amy, great presentation on TB. The presentation seemed to be very through and cover information about TB well. I appreciate this information. I used to float at the clinic that I work at and it was always intimidating when and individual would be coming into infectious disease for TB. I was not aware of the correlation between TB and AIDs, but it makes since. Many of the risk factors that you have listed did seem to be present with many of the patients that we saw for TB. Other groups that seem to have a high rate of TB are homeless people, immunocompromised individuals, and injection drug users. I was familiar with TB being more prevalent in immunocompromised individuals in general because when we gave routine immunocompromising medications a TB test had to be completed yearly. This is because Illinois and our county are at high risk.

4) Exposure to second-hand smoke is significantly associated with tuberculosis infection in children and young people.

* Malnutrion- (Low body weight 10% or more below average) Tuberculosis is closely linked to both overcrowding and malnutrition, making it one of the principal diseases of poverty. Those at high risk thus include: people who inject illicit drugs, inhabitants and employees of locales where vulnerable people gather (e.g. prisons and homeless shelters), medically underprivileged and resource-poor communities, high-risk ethnic minorities, children in close contact with high-risk category patients, and health care providers serving these patients. Malnutrition with a poor health or having a poor diet due to lifestyle, drug abusers , alcoholics, those living hi poverty, the homeless etc. are more at risk of tuberculosis.

1- A) Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium which mainly attacks the lungs. The surveillance report by the CDC concerning the updated counts starting 1993 and ending in 2013 showed that there was a decrease in the incident total count of Tuberculosis. However, a significant increase was seen among foreigners who have immigrated to the United States between 1993 and 2013 (CDC, 2013). Asians and Latin Americans are among the group that has seen an increase in cases of TB in the United States (CDC, 2013). This may be due to the process of immigration. From 1993 to 2013, the united States have seen an increase in people emigrating from these regions whether legally or illegally. Moreover, these people come from regions with high prevalence

The host factors for tuberculosis includes poor nutrition, coexisting diseases, poor immunity. Compremised population are at high risk for communicable diseases. Infants, children who are longer time in schools, older adults are prone to get infected with communcable diseases like TB. According to WHO, vaccination for TB, in countries where the disease is common, is recommended. Bacille Calmette – Guerin (BCG) is effective in protecting small children from TB. BCG is not in use in The United States (NIH). Health care workers, police

Although anyone is susceptible to infection, there are certain factors that make people more likely to contract TB and develop the disease; these are referred to as ‘risk factors.’ Such factors are important in explaining differences in incidence and mortality rates across regions. Around 5-10% of infectious cases that go untreated will eventually see the infected person develop the disease.1 Individuals with immunosuppressive conditions, such as HIV/AIDS, are faced with weakened immune systems and thus are subject to increased risks of infection and disease.4 HIV coinfection is widely considered the most lethal risk factor for developing TB Disease; 13% of the individuals that developed the disease

Tuberculosis is as old as mankind. It was first officially recognised by Hippocrates who described the symptoms of the disease as coughing up blood and weight loss that eventually led to death. In the 16th century a theory was proposed that the disease was transmitted via microorganisms. This was not proven until 1882. In the 1880’s, the chosen way of curing tuberculosis was for the patients to receive clear air, a balanced diet and plenty of rest. This was used not only to treat the patients but to also isolate them. During the 19th century, the spread of the disease slowed as living conditions and hygiene improved. In the 20th century a vaccination was developed as well as antibiotics. This resulted in the disease declining dramatically. It wasn’t until the 1980’s that the disease reappeared again due to the aids epidemic. Due to the aids sufferers having a weaker immune system, they were more

Individuals originating from countries where tuberculosis is prevalent are at a higher risk of developing active tuberculosis (National Health Service, 2012). Tuberculosis is still highly prevalent in Asia as The World Health Organisation (2012), states “Of the estimated 9 million people

While the majority of TB cases and associated mortality occur among males, women and children also bare a high burden, accounting for more than 30% and 6% of new cases and deaths, respectively.1