Rationing During The 1973 Energy Crisis

Men were drafted out to fight in the war in large numbers which contributed to unemployment figures creating jobs for others. Those that previously were skilled, high paid labourers and worked in industries such as welding etc. were forced to sign up to the military.

The energy crisis of the 1970’s caused authorities to search out other renewable sources of energy, which currently remain undeveloped and keep the U.S. today generally dependant on foreign fuel. According to Merriam Webster dictionary, a crisis is a “difficult or dangerous situation that needs serious attention.” The energy crisis of the 1970’s produced a backlash that affected much of the economy and spread fear and panic over the United States.

From the Gilded Age to the Progressive era industrialization modernized in every aspect. For example, constructing the transcontinental Railroads not only changed the economy, but also shifted the physical landscape. They required some towns to shift and some to move entirely to a different area. The railroads also helped America’s economy immensely. It helped with the industrial economy by requiring metal and steel to keep the railroads efficient and working. With the railroads there people also found jobs which helped with the increasing people’s social networks. According to Richard White just “the Pennsylvania railroad employed 110,000 men.”

An equivalent simplification process was used for the seventy distinct types of industries listed by Pittsburgh’s fifteenth census. Entertainment, water services, retail and general stores, food services, industrial work, transportation, general and state services, and self-business signified the eight main industries. Differentiating from the theories specified, water services commanded the data pool by comprising 27.1 percent of the census population’s employment. Unexpectedly, industrial work only comprised 17.5 percent of the population making it the third largest behind general and state services, which housed around 21.7 percent.

Deindustrialization is a major factor that has affected the United States after the second world war. Impacts of this can particularly be seen in Ohio. During World War II, Ohio experienced significant industrial development and population growth. The state’s diversified industrial base and geographical proximity to transportation routes and other population centers which made it well suited for wartime production needs. The industrial development and consequential economic prosperity generated during World War II shaped Ohio’s economic, cultural, and social history for decades thereafter.

In the book, “The face of Decline: The Pennsylvania Anthracite Region in the Twentieth Century”, (2005), discusses different elements towards the economic crisis of the capital and labor, local businesses, redevelopment of agencies, and state and federal governments. Dublin and Licht pounder upon the remarkable range of sources including oral histories, documentary photographs, records of coal companies, and community newspapers. The authors observe the effect of the economic decline across a wide region but mainly focuses on a small group of mining communities in specific regions. Also, the authors place the anthracite region within a broader framework,

The discovery of anthracite coal in Pennsylvania in the late 1700s led to the development of a robust coal industry in the eastern part of Pennsylvania that grew rapidly and contributed greatly to the history and the economy of Pennsylvania. The book The Face of Decline written by Thomas Dublin, Walter Licht, provides a well written historical and personal account of the discovery, growth, and finally the collapse of the anthracite coal industry in Pennsylvania in a chronological format. Half way through the book one starts to notice some changes in the authors format to cause and effect. The change occurs in order to discuss the cause and resulting effect of events in the region and the solutions. The story is one of great growth and opportunity in the early years which are highlighted by the documented economic growth experienced and supported through testimony within the eastern Pennsylvania coal region. After a period of economic prosperity and community growth from 1900 through 1940 challenges began to erode and occur that created problems for the community and the economy that the coal industry provided. Finally the region’s economy suffered horrendous losses as described by interviews of local residents and families who lived and experienced the rise of the region’s economy. Many of the scars are still evident by the blight and decaying scenes one would experience by traveling through the region’s communities that once fueled the American economy with the energy

The Pennsylvania economy has been dominated by coal and steel in the past with more recent growth in services making up for the reductions in manufacturing (City Data 2010).

Another aspect of mobilization was the change of heavy industry to a wartime balance. Distinct in Europe, the government did not municipalize industry, but they did set shares for manufacture in vital industries

Another adjustment Pennsylvanians must make is to aid in the desperate need for workers. As nearly 900,000 men and 22,000 women have gone off to serve in the war, factories struggled to produce their goods. This is when millions of women and other minorities at the time flooded in to work in the defense

With rationing came the creation of an black market. Since rationing sets a limit on supply, people find ways to try to work around it and in doing so they create a black market. The black market was fueled by the ration books handed out to the people. If people desire something and they can acquire it through backdoor channels, even though it may cost them extra. The ration books just provided them with a more legal means by which to get the goods. Merchants were advised not to accept ration stamps that they themselves had not taken out of the ration books. This did not stop consumers as they simply said that the coupons had fallen out of the rationing

Shortly after the revolutionary war, the small town of Pittsborough, then renamed Pittsburgh began to develop into a very important center, specializing in trading and industry. The convenience of natural resources and technological advancement has ranked Pittsburgh as one of the leading industrial cities in the United States in the past. Historically, the city of Pittsburgh has created numerous manufacturing plants responsible for producing steel, iron, and other products for the U.S. economy that still exist today. The Encyclopedia Britannica explains Pittsburgh's economic might during this period:

The economic impact of WWI meant that there were shortages of all produce, most importantly food. Consequently, rationing of bread, tea, sugar and meat was introduced in 1918. This was widely welcomed by the British public, as a voluntary rationing system had been introduced a year before, and people were eager to see their neighbours taking part as they were.

Energy crises is one of the major issues in our country pakistan. According to a survey 8% of the total revenue generated by a telecom company is lost due to outage of power supplied to BTS. Although the BTS has back up systems installed which are uninterrupted power supply and generator. When the main power supply of the BTS fails, it shifts to UPS, if the failure presists for longer time the BTS shifts to generator. With all the equipments installed to avoid power failure the BTS power outage is very high. When the BTS power dies out that particular cell is out of the global communication network. In urban areas this phase is for a short period of time but in rural far off areas this problem is for long time unless someone comes to fix it. On observing, the power outage occurs due to lack of power monitoring systems. The system demands for a continuous monitoring of the power of the BTS so that when any one of the source dies out the service providers should fix it as soon as possible. In urban areas the revneue generated is very high and a particular company can afford alot of man power to monitor the BTS continuously but in rural areas the revenue generated is low and continuous monitoring by man power isnt possile all of the time. This project BTS power monitoring and alarm system based on GSM module is an attempt to minimize the issues permanently with least man power for monitoring the BTS. This system collects the signals from the power sources, step down the

Pakistan should look for all alternatives to increase its electrical energy production by 10,000 MW in two years. This is a very challenging and difficult task. But if it fails to achieve the target, all other indicators will go negative leaving behind a disastrous situation.