Rats And Humans And The Carcinogenic Effects Of Brence

Most of America¡¯s dairy cows have leukemia virus and after they graze in fields with pesticides their milk contains a mixture of lethal chemicals (¡°Milk: The Deadly Poison¡±). Equally as important are the hormones and antibiotics dairy farmers inject into their cows. One hormone, known as recombinant bovine growth hormone, or rBGH, is injected into many cows to increase milk production. There is evidence that rBGH assists the growth of tumors in lab animals and it stimulates another hormone closely connected with breast cancer (¡°The Case against Dairy¡±). Also, farmers are permitted to give antibiotics to their cows to fight various diseases. Milk and dairy products contain traces of the antibiotic that are passed on to us. Exposure to such toxins breed strains of bacteria that are immune to even the strongest medicine (¡°The Case against Dairy¡±).

In the past century there has been a substantial change in the way human beings raise and keep animals meant for food. While in the past there were great numbers of widely spaced small individual farms, now there are relatively few, but extremely large industrialized farms. And as the numbers of animals kept and slaughtered for human consumption increases, these industrialized farms, known as Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations or CAFO's, are having more and more of an impact on the environment and people around them. The concentration of animals causes a major problem with the waste products they produce, as well as the gases, chemicals, and other types of byproducts. And the increased use of antibiotics in the animals is beginning to have a profound effect on the health of not only the environment but the communities that exist around these industrialized farms. CAFO's, and their secondary industries, are also a large consumer of oil, gasoline, and other fuels which can have an indirect, but devastating effect on the environment. Luckily there are some who have come to recognize the problems, and potential future problems, involved in this type of animal farming and have begun to inform the public to the dangers these farms pose. And in response to this information, the public is beginning to force changes in the way these CAFO's operate and the impact they have on the environment and

Public Health Nutrition state, "Antibiotics at subtherapeutic levels, as well as arsenic and other metal compounds, are used in animal feeds to promote growth of the animals in IAP" (Walker, Rhubart-Berg, et. al.). The animals health is promoted and they grow faster. Timothy Landers states, "The potential threat to human health resulting from inappropriate antibiotic use in food animals is significant..." The threat towards the consumer is greater when chemicals are used to promote the animal's health, Furthermore, Consumer Reports presented, "Humans are at risk both due to potential presence of superbugs in meat and poultry, and to the general migration of superbugs into the environment, where they can transmit their genetic immunity to antibiotics to other bacteria, including bacteria that make people sick” (Consumer Reports). Although used for a good cause, superbugs can be created and bred where they can eventually infect the consumer. Even though antibiotics promote the health of the animal it causes a huge health risk to the consumer and

Half of the animals will be euthanized on day 28 (before the second DSS cycle), and the other half on day 56. This will allow us to study ROS production and DNA stability before the onset of neoplasia (28 days), and once it is established (56 days). We have an extensive experience in this animal model6,8,10. Power calculations indicate we will need an n=8 mice per group to obtain significant results31. Colon will be processed for histology and epithelial cell isolation by chelation in EDTA. Part of these epithelial cells will be kept for RNA isolation, part will be used for ROS determination, and the rest will be seeded in extracellular matrices to grow them as organoids. Organoids will be cultured for 7 days to allow for additional divisions in the presence or absence of 1µg/mL LPS32. Epithelial cells in tissues and culture will be analyzed for DNA damage and genetic instability via γH2AX immunofluorescence (a marker for DNA damage), presence of anaphase bridges, and telomere staining. Dr. Verdun´s lab is very experienced in these techniques33,34. Epithelial cells will be interrogated for the expression of Duox2, SOD1, CAT, GPX2, and GPX4 (quantitative PCR) as markers of oxidative stress in epithelial cells35, and production of ROS will be measured by staining with DCFDA and Amplex Red probes. These experiments will indicate to which extent DNA damage induced by ROS is mediated by TLR4 activation in the

Epsilon toxin (ETX) produced by Clostridium perfringens causes central nervous system disease (CNS) in ruminant animals “that is characterized by blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and white matter injury” (Linden, et al., 2015). ETX does not cause typical enterotoxin effects such as diarrhea, instead it binds to intestinal epithelium and

In the Round 1 and Round 2 discussions, my group members and I discussed the effects of introducing antibiotics or recombinant organisms that harbors an antibiotic resistant gene to the rumen of the cow. Lejla discussed that high dosages of antibiotics over a long period of time cause antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, the antibiotics would be effective for a time, then later have no effect on fighting the pathogen. Additionally, Caislin discussed how the use of antibiotics disrupts the cow’s microbiome by killing both

Methionine (Met) restriction has become the focus of interest as dietary regimen since the incidence of diseases such as, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes and cancers (Anderson and Weindruch, 2012) are rising at a higher rate, posing health care challenges. Met is the first limiting AA in poultry diet. It has been used to compliment cancer treatment in humans (1) and improve metabolic health (2, 3). However, the liver also plays a vital role in Met metabolism giving that almost half of the daily intake is metabolized there. In addition to its action and as part of the one-carbon metabolic cycle, it can perform critical role in generating S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) which is the major methyl donor for a variety of biologically important reactions.

All inoculated ewes at autopsy had BTV antibodies. The BTV-1 control ewe also developed antibodies. BTV-8 infection induced mild clinical signs where BTV-1 infection developed more severe signs. BTV-8 was demonstrated in 43% of fetuses where BTV-1 was demonstrated in 82%. Pathological changes were found in the central nervous system and in the

Hay or forages harvested in areas where poisonous plants are abundant may be contaminated with a high percentage of poisonous plants and when animals are fed contaminated hay, they may be poisoned. Poisonous plants can affect every organ system and can create a problem on animal health and decrease production intensity that we get from our livestock. There are many different types of plant species in and along pastures and range land and sometimes in hay that can cause toxicity problems to livestock. Even with our ever increasing knowledge about poisonous plants and their toxins, poisonings continue to occur on livestock operations due to management error and due to human activities. Poisoning in humans and livestock from toxic plants also continues to be a significant risk, in livestock production and density as well as in human especially to children. It is important to be aware of these plants and their toxicity symptoms. Plant poisonings will undoubtedly increase in wildlife populations also, as humans continue to encroach on their native ranges and interrupt their migratory pathways. There are times such as early spring, during summer or droughts when forage supplies are low and this is when one needs to be most aware of what livestock is

In recent years, ergot alkaloid poisoning of animals, especially cattle, hasbecome an increasingly difficult problem to deal with. Although ergot poisoning canaffect many types of animals, it has shown to be most dangerous to cattle. This typeof poisoning occurs when a fungus grows on the seeds of cereal grains and ondifferent types of grasses and hay and normally occurs when a cool spring with lotsof rain is followed by an abnormally warm summer. This is usually around the timeof harvest; however, a pasture that is going to be grazed can be cut before allowingcattle to graze. Although all signs point to this being a naturally occurring disease, itis an important one to the cattle industry because it can lead to the loss of cattle. Interms

It is widely debated whether aspartame causes cancer, however a test was composed on 4000 rats with extremely high

Humans weren't the only ones which were effected by this syndrome. What were once battle fields for the Gulf War, were later used for agricultural purposes. Sheep particularly were raised in these areas. Many sheep died mysteriously, and other sheep became very sick. To prevent more sick sheep, agricultural organophosphates are carefully established on the known degree of toxicity of each compound. The organophosphorous used is Bayer 21/99, which is a popular compound that inhibits treated animals from the skin and digestive tract. Sheep are also more susceptible to poisoning then cattle and most other emaciated animals. Pre-treatment consisted of weighing, ear tagging, and the collection of blood samples for a baseline red cell count. It is shown that animals which have been treated have a much higher tolerance to poisons and a less likely to have more ailments. Symptoms include: Irregular gait with generalized muscular weakness and severe diarrhea. Slight increase in salivation and isolated diarrhea. Irregular gait with generalized muscular weakness and severe diarrhea.

A total of one hundred thirty five charolais feedlot calves were transported to the commercial feedlot located in South Farms- Beef Cattle and Sheep Field Laboratory at university of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign- USA. All selected animals (n= 104; mean 439.93 LB) were considered to be in good condition with no apparent injuries or disease at the time of arrival at the feedlot unit. The selected calves did not receive antimicrobials drugs for control of BRD at the barn before or during processing. All calves in this group were processed within 48 hrs after arrival. During processing, each calf was individually weighed and

The Acute phase proteins are produced as the develop of a response caused after a variety of conditions stimulated by inflammatory cells producing chemical substances that activate specific organs to produce these proteins to reconstitute homeostasis and thus restore the injured tissue. Even though the Acute Phase Response generated is not specific for each determined disease, the measurement of these proteins in an animal may indicate the occurrence of an unhealthy condition, and a further diagnosis and prognosis of the illness could be accomplish. Regarding veterinary public health, the livestock production represents a significant field from where products for human consumption are provided. Thus, the measurement of these proteins in

In among the food crops peanut meal is considered as the most contaminated feed by aflatoxin. These are consumed by the animal’s thus lead those to hazardous effects. Contaminations of the feeding meals are mainly caused due to mold metabolites. These metabolites produce carcinogenic effect in rat, ferret, trout and duck. Mainly the organ affected by aflatoxicosis is liver by both short-term and long-term exposure. Symptoms like anorexia, icterus, rapid weight loss, exercise tolerance, depression, fever, ataxia, gastrointestinal damage etc. will prevail in animals by aflaoxicosis.