Reaction Paper On Artificial Pacemaker

Both the right and left atrium contract causing blood to flow though the two valves, and then into the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circulation through the aorta. This systemic circulation system is much bigger than the pulmonary circulation system, which is why the left ventricle is so big. The blood on the left side of the heart is oxygenated. It becomes oxygenated when the deoxygenated blood passes through the right atrium and then flows into the left ventricle. It is then pumped along the pulmonary artery into the lungs where it is oxygenated. It then travels through the pulmonary veins back into the heart. It enters through the left atrium and then travels to the left ventricle. This process is repeated over and over again, to make blood continuously flow through the heart, lungs and body. This process ensures that there is always enough oxygen for the body to work

Now, let's talk how the heart works. The heart is divided into two halfs. Each side has a upper and a lower chamber. The upper right chamber revives poor-oxygen blood from the body. The lower right chamber pumps

In a normal human being the heart correctly functions by the blood first entering through the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava. This blood flow continues through the right atrioventricular valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle contracts forcing the pulmonary valve to open leading blood flow through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary trunk. Blood is then distributed from the right and left pulmonary arteries to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is unloaded and oxygen is loaded into the blood. The blood is returned from the lungs to the left

This node produces electrical impulses that spread across the surface of each chamber, causing them to contract. The signals begin by spreading through the atria. As the atria contract, the blood within is forced through the corresponding valves into the ventricles.

A pacemaker consists of a battery, computerized generator, and wires with sensors called electrodes. These electrodes detect the electrical activity of the conducting cells and then send the data back to the generator via the wires. If the pacemaker senses irregular activity, it will deliver a low energy pulse to the heart. For reference, the current delivered by a pacemaker is about one thousandth the size of the current needed to start a car. Most people report feeling a fluttering in their chest, if anything at all. Another interventional option is the ICD, which acts as both a pacemaker and a defibrillator. An ICD consists of a pulse generator, which monitors your heartbeat, and the leads. The leads of the ICD have electrodes that connect to the heart chambers. If an irregular rhythm is detected, a low energy pulse is delivered to prompt the heart to start beating normally. If the low energy pulse is not effective or sufficient, the ICD switches to a high energy pulse called defibrillation. People report defibrillation as feeling like you are being kicked in the

The inside of your heart is divided into four chambers. The two upper chambers of your heart are called atria. The atria receive and collect blood. The two lower chambers of your heart are called ventricles. The ventricles pump blood out of your heart into the circulatory system to other parts of your

A healthy heart pumps blood continuously through the circlutory system. It’s normal size is a little larger than a fist. The heart has four chambers, two on the right and two on the left. The two upper chambers are called the atria and the lower two are known as the ventricles. The right atrium takes in deoxygenated blood from the rest of body and sends it back out to the lungs through the right ventricle where the blood becomes oxygenated. Oxygenated blood travels from the lungs to the left atrium, then onto the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.

The heart is one of the strongest muscles in the body. According to Henry Gray's “Anatomy of the Human Body” (2015), the heart is roughly the size of a large fist and weighs between about 10 to 12 ounces (280 to 340 grams) in men and 8 to 10 ounces (230 to 280 grams) in women (Lewis, 2015). The human heart has four chambers: two upper chambers (the atria) and two lower ones (the ventricles). The heart's outer wall consists of three layers; epicardium (outermost wall), myocardium (middle wall), endocardium (inner layer). The tricuspid valve and the mitral valve make up the atrioventricular (AV) valves, which connect the atria and the ventricles (Lewis, 2015). The function of the heart is divided into two pathways: the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit. In the pulmonary circuit, deoxygenated blood travels to the lungs by way of the pulmonary artery, then returns as oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart via the pulmonary vein. The systemic circuit, delivers oxygenated blood to the body from the left ventricle to the aorta, and from there enters the arteries and capillaries where it supplies the body's tissues with oxygen. Then, deoxygenated blood returns through the veins to the venae cavae, re-entering the heart's right atrium to restart the

Cardiac muscle has short branching fibers, is striated, and functions involuntary allow for the contraction of the heart to pump blood throughout the body (Castillo, 2018). The conduction system of the heart includes the Sinoatrial node, Atrioventricular node, left and right bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers and functions off of action potentials of nerve impulses. The Sinoatrial node is in the upper right atrium and is where the action potential begins and rhythm and pace of the heart is determined. The action potential will then travel to the Atrioventricular node in the lower right atrium where the impulse is delayed for a whole second so the left side of the heart can contract. After that the impulse travels to the Atrioventricular bundle, which connects the atria and ventricles. Once this is completed, the potential travels to the left and right bundle fibers that signal the septum and apex of the heart. Finally, the potential will reach the Purkinje fibers and stimulate the walls of both ventricles. This completes one cardiac cycle. A cardiac cycle is described as all the events associated with the blood flow through the heart during one complete heartbeat (McKinley, 2016). A heartbeat involves the contraction {systole} and relaxation {diastole} of the heart chambers. The most important driving force to continually move blood through the heart is the opening and closing of

After the blood is transported throughout the body and is deoxygenated, the capillaries eventually merge into veins, where the blood returns to the heart, so as to become oxygenated once more. The heart itself consists of four chambers, the right and left atria, which are near the top of the heart above the other two chambers, the left and right ventricles. Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the superior and inferior vena cava. The deoxygenated blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart. The right atrium then contracts and blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve. When the right ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts, preventing blood from flowing backward into the atria while the right ventricle contracts. Once the right ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs where the blood becomes oxygenated. Now we transition from heart-to-lungs to lungs-to-heart. After the blood travels through the pulmonary valve, it begins to enter your lungs, pulmonary circulation is the process. Now blood travels to the pulmonary artery to tiny

The heart is an organ that pumps blood around the body by using 2 separate pumps side by side. The left side of the pump deals with oxygenated blood from the lungs whereas the right one deals with deoxygenated blood from the body. Each pump has 2 chambers called atrium and ventricle. The walls of the atrium are thinner than the ventricle because the atrium only has to pump blood to a short distance (to the ventricle) whereas the ventricles need to pump blood to the rest of the body. The heart has 3 types of pacemaker cells called; Sino atrial (SA) node, Atrioventricular (AV) node and bundle of His which make up the electrical conduction system. SA node found in the right atrium sends a wave of depolarisation to the neighbouring muscle junction, to the left atrium by the Bachmann’s bundle and also to the AV node by the internodal tract. AV node delays the wave of depolarisation causing the ventricle to contract after the atria. The AV node causes that delay to allow all the blood to fully move from the atria to the ventricle then the ventricle can contract sending the blood out the heart. After the AV node has delayed the wave of depolarisation, the wave continues down by a bundle of His and the fibres split up by the Purkinje fibres allowing the muscle to get involved. The wave of electrical released from the fibres causes the ventricles to contract.

The cardiovascular system is a very complex system in that includes not only the main organ the heart, but also the arteries, veins, and capillaries as well, and even the liver. So, one questions a lot of people may ask is how does the heart work in order to keep us alive day in and day out. Well, that answer is quite simple the heart pumps blood through the superior and inferior vena cava and it then pumps to the lungs to pick up oxygen and then back out through the aorta to the rest of the body. However, if someone wants to know the details and complexity of the heart, it would be like this. So there are multiple chambers in the heart. The heart has four chambers an upper right and left that are called atria, while the lower right and

There has been several improvements done with cardiac pacemakers. One of the highlight was the nanostim leadless pacemaker. It is very small in size and is implanted inside the heart through a catheter. The small size and the lack of surgical pocket with leadless device will help the patient feel better and eliminates the worry of infections and lead failure. It is designed in such a way that it is completely retrievable so that during an implant procedure it can be repositioned easily. Implanting this device will help in the recovery time of the patients because the procedure is faster and since the surgery is minimally invasive it leaves less room for error and better comfort to the patients. Another innovation the researchers are working

For bradycardia generally an artificial pacemaker is used which implanted near your heart so when the heart slows down or stops pacemaker generates impulses in order to stimulate the heart.

The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a closed fist that functions as the body’s circulatory pump. There are four chambers that make up the heart. The upper chambers are called the atrium and the lower chambers are the ventricle. A wall of muscle called the septum separates the two sides of the heart. Attached to each chamber is a valve. The valves open and close to let the blood flow in only one direction. These valves are actual flaps that are located on each end of the two ventricles. The right side of the heart is responsible for taking all the deprived oxygen blood and making it rich again. The left side pumps all the oxygenated blood out into the rest of the body.