Reaction Paper On Dengue

Yellow Fever was like a massive fire burning through Philadelphia killing thousands and thousands of people! It was also like a lightning bolt which struck the earth as hard as a runaway train. If you did not know, Yellow Fever is a horrific disease which comes from certain diseased, or infected mosquitoes. The Philadelphian and French doctors had to come up with a solution, or clarification. They both came up with a cure that they thought would be able to help people with the illness. This certain event happened in the summer of 1793 in Philadelphia. The mosquitoes came from some ships that sailed over seas into Philadelphia ports . There was between 2000-5000 people dead. It almost feels like 10,000 were dead! Yellow Fever still exist

West Nile virus is the most significant exotic mosquito-borne disease that has come to the contiguous United States in the last century. Outbreaks have proven extremely difficult to predict and control and have been associated with considerable morbidity. The large outbreak in 2012, which caught many by surprise, indicates that West Nile virus will remain a formidable public health challenge for years to come (“FAQ: West Nile Virus,” par. 3).

Working as a medical officer, I came across scores of patients with mosquito-borne diseases. Despite my state having a near cent percent literacy, my hospital wards were flooded by patient with dengue, malaria, and chikungunya. I studied about these notorious ear buzzing mosquitoes in my medical school, but never did I know how villain they were. After moving to Singapore, I understood how these diseases are a major problem even in developed countries. I can never forget those patients with chikungunya who had

Those who have WNV will not show any signs or symptoms. About 20% of people will develop a mild infection called West Nile Fever and will experience fever, headache, body ache, vomiting, diarrhea, and skin rash (West Nile Virus). If WNV gets severe many issues can occur to the infected. A very small percentage of infected people suffer from neurological infection, including inflammation of brain (encephalitis) and of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord (meningitis) (West Nile Virus). These signs include high fever, severe headache, stiff neck, disorientation, coma, muscle jerking, seizures, and partial paralysis. The difference of how mild or severe WNV can affect you temporarily or sustain permanent damage.

Matthew Wilson Professor DeHay CSS 1302-21 3 October 2016 Zika Virus Speech Outline 1) Introduction a) Mosquitoes can harbor the Zika virus. b) The Zika virus is a flavivirus that originated in tropical Africa. c) Thesis – New information is available about the transmission, symptoms, and risks associated with the Zika virus from scientists and medical personnel who are working to reduce its spread worldwide. 2) Zika is a contagious virus that can be transmitted through both mosquito-to-person, and person-to-person interaction. a) Mosquito to person interaction i) Two-thirds of the world’s population lives in Aedes infested areas (Ibrahim, 2).

The country is malaria-free and only a few cases of dengue fever borne by mosquitoes are recorded every year within the local population

At present scientists from CSIRO research institute are studying mosquitoes and other insects that carry and transmit disease causing viruses in order to gain knowledge on the viruses they carry, how they develop immunity against them and how to best prevent or manage these animal and human health

Since, Sika affect human beings it important to do experiment to understand how sika virus reproduces, how its transmitted and how it can be prevented and that can only be done through scientific experiment. The infected mosquito feed on a human and transmits RNA virus. Moreover, the sika virus is similar in sequence to dengue virus and it’s a relative non-pathogenic in healthy adults. In addition, only 1 in 4 infected person present symptoms such as rash, headache, red eyes, fever, joint pain since all of the effects are mild in a few days the person is fine. As a result, most don’t go to the doctor and don’t even know that they are infected. Once the zika virus hit the Americas it was discovered that it had new consequences of the diseases that were not previously shown. Zika virus has many consequences such as congenital infection, pregnancy complications such as microcephaly, still birth as even miscarriage. In addition, it was recently discovered that there might be other consequences of the virus that have not being discover and

The four dengue viruses are closely related,they share approximately 65% of their genomes, but even within a single serotype, there is some genetic variability (8).Even though there are variations, infection with each of the dengue serotypes results in the same disease and symptoms. The virus thrives in tropical and subtropical climates across the globe. It originated as an infectious agent in primates and apes and it has since evolved with humans.

Yellow fever is a viral tropical disease that is transmitted from infected mosquitos. It is primarily endemic in Africa and South America and while there are vaccinations to prevent contracting yellow fever, there is no known cure. The only treatment options are to combat the fever, muscle pain, and dehydration that result from the first and third stage of the disease. There have been no reported cases of yellow fever in 2014 in America and the country is considered a yellow fever free country; although there have been cases of it being brought back by unvaccinated tourists. Fifteen percent of patients with yellow fever progress to the more dangerous third stage of infection which involves: jaundice (yellowing of the skin), seizures, hemorrhaging, and high fevers with fatality rates around 50% according to WHO estimates. It is a fascinating disease epidemiologically because it has great potential to become a major health issue in America, considering immunity from

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever that exists in South America and Africa. The virus is typically acquired through a vector, commonly the mosquito.

Chikungunya is a small spherical enveloped virion that measures up 60 to 70nm in diameter. It contains a single strand positive-sense RNA genome (Solignat, Maxime 2009). The virus has a lipid bilayer containing heterodimeric protein spikes composed of two major surface envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 (Understanding the alpha virus). The genome extends approximately 12 kb long, and is organized in a 5’ cap -untranslated region (UTR), non-structural proteins (nsP1-4), structural proteins (C-E3-E2-6 K-E1), and a 3’ polyA tail end( Microbes and Infection). The structural proteins of the virus are created by the translation of a messenger RNA (mRNA). The 5’ end cap of the genome has a 7- methyl guanosine cap, whereas the 3’ end is polyadenylated

in the Diario Libre News Paper It was published an article on October 8, in my country 70 people had die of dengue in 2015, this is the most high figure in Latin American.

A disease that has yet to be conquered” (Barrett & Higgs, 2007). Such a quaint, simplistic phrase that yet effectively describes the disease commonly known today as yellow fever. Over the course of history, the yellow fever virus (YFV) has decimated populations in various regions all across the globe. While the overall gross impact of yellow fever has declined over the years, the virus still poses a significant threat present day, especially to those in the developing world. The World Health Organization currently estimates that approximately 200,000 cases of yellow fever occur around the world each year, resulting in 30,000 fatalities (Bundschuh et al, 2013). Presently, yellow fever remains without a legitimate cure, and the best defence against the virus lies with preventative action. WHO identifies its three major yellow fever prevention strategies as vaccination, mosquito control, and epidemic response (WHO Yellow Fever Fact Sheet, 2014). This being said, through the combined efforts of scientists, medical workers, governments, and international agencies alike, the yellow fever virus has been confined to endemic areas throughout Africa and Latin America (Barrett & Higgs, 2007, p.209). With regards to the epidemiological nature of yellow fever, geographic factors and influences clearly play a significant role. Environments, both physical and human (ie. social), directly correlate to how the virus behaves, adapts, and survives. Through the analysis its biology, its

Zika virus ZIKV is a flavivirus that has several modes of transmission across humans. Classically, the mosquito is the vector of transmission and yet, more recent literature shows that the outbreak of ZIKV viruses were sexually transmitted from infected individuals to uninfected individuals. Concerned for the general health of the population, Lim et. all attempt to understand the overall enhancement of ZIKV infection by preexisting antibodies against other flaviviruses, more specifically, against dengue (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV). The importance of this research allows the scientific community to ensure that vaccines created against a specific virus will not cause more harm when infected by another flavivirus, considering the