Reaction Paper On Haptics

Virtual reality systems are used for simulating different real life situations on the computer which looks approximately same as the real world. In these tools, user need to wear some special cloths which has sensors attached, these sensors observe and record all the activities and responses of the user. These tools are very useful in training of many technologies like in pilot training of Boeing dreamliner, or some new technology etc.

The procedure of the project is to determine the ability to differentiate the touch of the calipers or an esthesiometer and a metric ruler. The project is to determine the two-point threshold which is the measurement, the smallest distance at which two points of contact can be felt. If we can feel the sensation of both picks from a short distance to a wider distance. To know when we can feel both and without looking. Turning away and getting poked when to say when you feel one touch or two touches. The areas that we did to do the test was the forearm which has thin skin, thumb and the index which has thick skin. The ability to distinguish the two points from one area to another area of your body. The ability to determine which portion of the skin has been touched is called tactile localization. The receptors must be densely packed in a sensitive area, so that two points very close together activate different receptors.

* Sensations: The cutaneous sensations like touch, pressure, vibration, pain, cold, hot, etc, are felt by the skin.

A mechanoreceptor in the papillary layer of the dermis that responds to fine touch is a

People and other vertebrate creatures use specific tactile neurons to identify temperature, weight, and other physical jolts on the skin. These neurons are situated in the spinal segment and are associated with the skin

The somatosensory system has to do with touch, pressure, pain, temperature, movement, and vibrations from muscles, joints, and skin. Uit sends sensations through the spinal cord, to the brainstem, then the thalamic relay nuclei to the parietal lobe that houses the sensory cortex.

This paper will analyze virtual reality to explain what VR is and any drawbacks it may have, how and how much it is being used in education currently, how it is benefiting disabled learners, who are able to have access to it, and what a future with VR may look like.

The purpose of this lab was to determine which regions of the body have the most touch receptors and in turn which regions of the body have the greatest representation on the somatosensory cortex map. The somatosensory cortex map is located in the parietal lobe and processes tactile information (D. Purves, Augustine, & Fitzpatrick, 2001). According to Neuroscience 2nd edition, the increased representation of specific body areas in somatosensory cortex map is a function of evolution (D. Purves, Augustine, & Fitzpatrick, 2001). To determine the regions of the body with the greatest representation on the somatosensory cortex map a two point discrimination test was selected. This test has been used to measure tactile spatial acuity

Somatosensation is the collective sense of touch which enables us to feel our environment through the specialized receptors in our skin. While in primates, the glabrous hairless skin of the hand palm and fingers serves as sensory organ to palpate objects and obtain tactile information, rodents use their whiskers, organized in a series of rows and columns on the whisker pad located on each side of the snout (Fig.X). Rodent whiskers acquire somatosensory information by their deflection onto objects in the environment, like the digits of the human, they obtain information regarding their shape, texture and location. Somatosensation is an active process involving sensory/motor systems, where in humans a hand will press an object of interest in order to feel its textile features, the rodent macrovibrassae (whisker) will position itself in space, scanning the environment in a series of timed protractions and retractions cycles (5-10Hz). The interruption of the whisking cycle caused by the contact of a whisker onto an object provide the necessary spatio-temporal information for the construction of a sensory percept. A whisker touch contains numerous information carried out by the amplitude of the whisker deflection, the direction, duration, accelation/decelaration on contact, frequency of the contact, force along the axial shaft and resonance frequency of the whisker.

Details : Apple breaks it down to a "touch sensing function" combined with a "force sensing function," and explains how each layer controls a distinct function to provide a

The human body may not be equally receptive to touch, and sensitivity appears to vary from one part of the body to the other. The purpose of this lab is to determine which part of the body is the most sensitive in distinguishing separate pressure points. The skin which is thought to be more sensitive will recognize separate pressure points at a shorter distance. Skin unable to make out separate pressure points until a larger distance, is thought to be less sensitive. The sites of the body which will be tested are the face, back of neck, back of hand, palm of hand, and fingertip. If the fingertip is the most sensitive, then the fingertip will have the least two-point threshold. “Human fingers can identify textures whose ridges

to be able to have any sense of touch. Dynamic prosthesis, the more popular choice, uses

You will use a two-point discrimination test to compare tactile resolution (and receptor density) on various parts of your body. An estheiometer is

Virtual reality defined as to produce and create the effect of an interactive 3D world in which the objects have a sense of spatial presence by using computer technologies. Our perceptual and cognitive system will be presented by precise clues in order for our brain to interpret and understand those clues as outside object in 3D world. In addition, virtual reality suggest a lot of benefits and advantages to education of technical such as delivery information through multiple active channels, addressing of dissimilar learning styles, experiential-based learning and so on ( Bell & Fogler, 2004, p 217).

Seeing is believing, these words are the best combination to understand the meaning of Virtual Reality (VR). VR is one of the best asset and aspect of our future. No other technology has seen such a revolution like VR has. It is practically in use in almost every field such as entertainment, gaming, defense, robotics, medical, healthcare, military, education, fashion, heritage, business, engineering and many more fields. VR sometimes called Virtual Environment has drawn much attention in the last two decade. Extensive media coverage causes the much more rapid increase in the interest of the masses. Very few people, however, really know what VR is and what are its open problems are. In this report a historical overview of virtual reality is presented, basic terminology as an introduction are listed, followed by applications of this technology in science, work, and entertainment areas. Its present developments are thoroughly discussed in this report. Finally, the future of VR is considered in two aspects: technological and social. New research directions, technological frontiers and potential applications are pointed out. The possible positive and negative influence of VR on life of average people is speculated.