Reading Chapter 14 Of Statistics For People Who ( Think They ) Hate Statistics ( Salkind, 2014 )

Due to financial hardship, the Nyke shoe company feels they only need to make one size of shoes, regardless of gender or height. They have collected data on gender, shoe size, and height and have asked you to tell them if they can change their business model to include only one size of shoes – regardless of height or gender of the wearer. In no more 5-10 pages (including figures), explain your recommendations, using statistical evidence to support your findings. The data found are below:

Statistics provides us with very useful tools and techniques that aide us in dealing with real world scenarios. I have been able to learn several useful concepts by studying statistics that can aide me in making rational and informed decisions that are supported by the analysis results. Statistics as a discipline is the application and development of various processes put in place to gather, interpret, and analyse the information. The quantification of biological, social, and scientific phenomenons, design and analysis of experiments and surveys, and application of

(1) A study of the number of cars sold looked at the number of cars sold at 500

• Provide at least two examples or problem situations in which statistics was used or could be used.

Keselman, H. J., Huberty, C. J., Lix, L. M., Olejnik, S., Cribbie, R. A., Donahue, B.... & Levin, J. R. (1998). Statistical practices of educational researchers: An analysis of their ANOVA, MANOVA, and ANCOVA analyses. Review of Educational Research, 68(3), 350-386.

Assuming unequal variances, the two sampled t-Test was applied on the data sets of female and male shoe sizes with the alpha value of 0.05. The null hypothesis was that the female and male shoe sizes have an equal mean while the alternative hypothesis was that female and male shoe sizes do not have an equal mean. With the degrees of freedom being 27, the t-statistic is -8.16. The probability that -8.16 is ≤ -1.70 is 4.5×10-9 for the one-tailed test. Also, the probability that -8.16 is ≤ ±2.05. is 9.1×10-9 for the two-tailed test. Given that both probabilities are under the alpha value of 0.05, the null hypothesis is therefore rejected, and the alternative hypothesis is accepted at the 95% confidence level.

In his 2013 book, Naked Statistics, Charles Wheelan explains a field that is commonly seen, commonly applied, and commonly misinterpreted: statistics. Though statistical data is ubiquitous in daily life, valid statistical conclusions are not. Wheelan reveals that when data analysis is flawed or incomplete, faulty conclusions abound. Wheelan’s work uncovers statistics’ unscrupulous potential, but also makes a key distinction between deliberate misuse and careless misreading. However, his analysis is less successful in distinguishing common sense from poor judgement, a gap that enables the very statistical issues he describes to perpetuate themselves.

The lady tasting tea takes the reader on a fascinating trip in the history of the statistical revolution. The contributions of many brilliant minds to the field of statistics as well as their personal lives and historical perspectives were described.

Growing up in a family of doctors influenced me to pursue the knowledge of health and diseases. I long for devoting myself to public health. With data explosion, I realized that data-driven science is indispensable to meet the increasing demand in medical and biological improvement. Therefore, I want to apply tools of statistics to address human health problems and become an excellent biostatistician. My goal in entering in the M.S. program at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) is to develop expertise in Biostatistics. At JHU, I am able to obtain an interdisciplinary perspective, combining approaches and knowledge derived from statistics, computing and biology. In the future, I plan to pursue Ph.D. study and one day lead my own research group. To meet these objectives, I wish to carry on advanced study at JHU.

A pharmaceutical company is testing the effectiveness of a new drug for lowering cholesterol. As part of this trial, they wish to determine whether there is a difference between the effectiveness for women and for men. Using   = .05, what is the value the test statistic?

Text: Daniel, W. W. (2009). Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences, 9th edition. NY: John Wiley & Sons.

Source: G. C. Britz, D. W. Emerling, L. B. Hare, R. W. Hoerl, & J. E. Shade. "How to Teach Others to Apply Statistical Thinking." Quality Progress (June 1997): 67--80.

c . Criticism and enrichment of many experts , among others, Morgan ( 1915) , Fisher (1930 ) , Dobzhansky ( 1937) , Goldschmidt (1940 ) and Mayr (1942 ) .

c.)Find a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the above obtained mean starting salaries.

Major League Baseball is known as America’s favorite pastime, and MLB teams spend an extensive amount of money in the excess of a billion dollars with the ultimate goal to win the World Series. This learning team’s focus throughout this descriptive statistics paper is the MLB players’ performances, salaries, salary caps, and winning percentages. Though salaries will by no means be a trade for wins, the goal is to use the less experienced players and pay them a lower salary. Research has been done on whether or not player’s salaries and wins are connected.