Realism, Liberalism, And Marxism

Realism and Liberalism are two extremely prominent theories of international relations. These doctrines exhibit sagacious perceptions about war, foreign affairs and domestic relations. The fundamental principles of protocol in which we rely upon aren’t always apprehensive (Karle, Warren, 2003). By interpreting the data one could fathom these ideas. The assessment of these faculties wield noteworthy dominance about the concepts of international affairs. In analyzing this data, you will comprehend the variant relationship between Realism and Liberalism.

Liberals, or hyperglobalists as they are sometimes referred to believe that, globalization assures efficiency and that it increases welfare throughout the world. They also believe that the concept of globalization is unavoidable and should therefore be embraced instead of being criticized. The liberal view is one usually adopted by economists, part of the reason for the liberal viewpoint gaining credibility and being

The liberal perspective on political economy is embodied in the discipline of the Western economics (Gilpin, 1987). It emphasizes the individual interests, the freedom and the maximization of economic benefit. Economic

Multilateral trade agreements like NAFTA make it so that developing countries like Mexico are included in trade with developed countries like the United States and Canada. But when pursuing isolationist economic policies like Trump has threatened to do will lead to American products becoming more expensive and an increase in bilateral trade agreements (Lakhani, "Trump's NAFTA Threats Would Severely Harm US, Mexican Chief Negotiator Says”). These agreements will divert trade from less favored countries to more favored countries in other words some “countries will be treated better than others” (Stiglitz 96). This is illustrated in the failure of the Europe-Canada deal, a deal that would have provided dairy to thousands of people, but was opposed by the Walloons because they would have had competing products (Goodman and Kanter, "With Europe-Canada Deal Near Collapse, Globalization’s Latest Chapter Is History"). Wallonia’s blocking of the deal hurts millions of people in the European Union, because they are only focused on protecting the interests of their region rather than the interests of the global economy (Goodman and Kanter). Due to the fact that countries are interdependent on one another, a change in perspective from looking out for the nation’s best interest to looking out for the world’s best interest needs to occur and the implementation of

This belief faced significant criticism, however, since free trade between states of different stages of development can result in a relationship in which the less developed state is dependent on the more developed state ( global South to North dependency). Many beliefs related to Liberalism actually face criticism as a result of an imbalance of power and influence between states. The Democratic Peace Theory, for example, suggests that conflict between two democratic states is unlikely – less likely than conflict between two non-liberal states or conflict between a liberal and non-liberal state. While history would suggest this to be true, there are multiple factors that contribute to this truth. For one, liberal states tend to be wealthier than non-liberal states. This means that they have less incentive to start war than a less wealthy state. Additionally, liberal states tend to have amicable relations with other liberal states – take Canada and USA for

Liberalism is an international-relations theory that relies heavily on interdependence among many different actors within our international system. Individuals, nongovernmental groups, international organizations all hold roles that are pivotal to international-relations (Arreguin-Toft and Mignst 88). Liberals believe that people are inherently “good”; they are rational and can make the correct choices to move society towards progress. However, it is crucial to the international system that all actors work together to build an efficient, sustainable society. Liberals believe that working under one international system would aid in the construction of appropriate social institutions to neutralize threats to the common good (83-84). Almost 200 countries signed the Paris Climate agreement to aid in the globe’s fight in preventing temperatures from increasing to 1.5 degrees Celsius from where they were before 1950. Though many countries signed it, only 164 fully accepted the terms.

In a world where the drive for power and the will to dominate are held to be fundamental aspects of human nature as the Classical Realists would argue, the necessity for International Organizations cannot be dismissed as some liberalists argue. According to Iriye 2002, IGO’s consists of institutions that come into existence through formal agreements among nations and represent their corresponding governments (Iriye 2002, Pg. 12-14). With that in mind, some liberalists argue that joining international organizations and institutions like the United Nations socializes some leaders so that their motivations are more benign (Dunne 2011, Pg. 103). I am convinced to a certain extent with this idea as I feel that even though classical realists argue that every man has within him the desire to rule or the desire for power (Dunne and Schmidt 2011, Pg. 90). When several leaders come together all from different IR theoretical backgrounds (liberalists, realists, constructivists) each decision they make comes collectively thus not leaving too much room for their individual biases based on their theoretical perspectives to impact important international relations issues "negatively". Although I highly doubt if anything can be done to control the human desire for power accumulation as a classical realist would say, a part of the psyche of man, I do believe the liberalists argument to be of substance.

The liberal approach to free trade is heavily associated with the fundamentals of capitalism. Free trade is therefore beneficial to the minority who are capable of manufacturing their goods in societies that have more unskilled labourers and in turn can be compensated less. The labourers in the nations that have the technology to do something better but not necessarily cheaper are at the greatest disadvantage within a liberal free trade political economy.

Studying the world “as it is” or “as it should be” is one of the pre-eminent questions in the field of IR theories. After all, this question could be seen as a different way of formulating the Realist versus Liberalist debate, or the “First Great Debate” in IR theory. If we look at history, as Dr. Hirst explained in one of her lectures, Liberalism, or Idealism as some may call it, was the founding theory in IR. It offered an optimistic view of the world inherited from enlightment philosophers such as John Locke and Immanuel Kant. Liberalism is based on the belief that nation states will end up cooperating and that there will be peace amongst them. On the other hand, Realism, inspired by the works of Machiavelli and Hobbes, offer a

The international relations comprise of several theories such as the Realism, Liberalism, Constructivism and Marxism. This could also be called the international relations theories in which it attempts to provide a conceptual outline in which the international relations can be analyzed. These four theories have been in around since the 16th century and have been administered by several nations including the United States of America.

John Locke and Karl Marx are two of the most influential philosophers when it comes to politics and how we should govern. Locke, regarded as the Father of Liberalism and Marx, the Father of Marxism, had many conflicting ideas and philosophies but their works are deep seeded into modern politics we know today and are still widely disputed

This international relations study will define the important themes of Realism (Neorealism) and Neo-liberalism in the conflicts of American war and profit in the 21st century. The premise of realism defines the underlying fallibility of human beings to behave selfishly to serve the needs of the few through a national interest: “”Realism is based on a view of the individual as primarily fearful, selfish, and power seeking” (Mingst 79). In this context, the power of individual nation states, such as the United States, provides an example of the unilateral invasion of Iraq without the approval of the United Nations. After the attacks of September 11th, 2001, it has become evident that America has become the dominant superpower in the world, which defines the underlying principles of military/war powers that can now act without the approval of other nations states. More so, ability of the United States to manipulate and control large regions of the world (especially the Middle East) define a massive military industrial complex, which meets the requirements of realism as a method of exposing the self-interest of American military, political, and economic interest in the post-9/11 era. The decreasing power of the United Nations and the growing power of the United States defines the self-interest of American nationalism over that of a more cooperative and dynamic global system.

In this report I will investigate and analyse accounts of the establishment of knowledge with reference to Marxist thought. I will evaluate evidence demonstrating how knowledge has been presented to society through ideological systems and assess Marxist views on the function of engineering specific knowledge through false consciousness. I will explore the role of institutions such as the mass media and how they create and maintain ideology. I will visit whether Marxist accounts on ideology can realistically be represented by evidence, and if not, whether it is correct to dismiss Marxist accounts of knowledge based on this, or to explore critical alternatives and further neo-Marxist theory of the modern world.

Realism, Liberalism, and Radicalism offer three very different ideas to International Political Economy. They differ for many reasons, such as the winners and loser, poor vs. richer country gain, free market ideas, and the effects of globalization due to capitalism. The ideas of power, free trade, and class also cause difference between the three. The views these three theories hold on IPE lead to their differences on globalization- especially when decided whom globalization is good for.

Liberalism sees the state as a rational actor however, see the influences from within the state as the main actor facilitating international relations. Additionally, this theory sees the states’ main interest are its well-being, not power within the international system. Well-being of the state is translated through the