Reasoned Action Theory

• Cognitive behavioral therapy in bipolar disorder: Based on the thought that what we imagine influences our outlooks and

Currently effecting between 2-4% of the overall population and as one of the leading causes of homelessness, suicide, and hospitalization, bipolar disorder is yet, still one of the most perplexing, as well as the most misunderstood mental disorders out there. With this particular disorder, the complexity arises given one’s predisposition, diversity, and non-specific range of hazards for said disorder; thusly, making a cure, or at best, prevention, difficult, if not impossible, if not for appropriate early intervention. Bipolar not only puts a strain on the economic condition of our country, but on the individual, as well as society as a whole; given, its propensity to bring about financial difficulties, employment difficulties, and poor self-esteem and this is simply three examples, out of quite possible a largely finite numeral of disparities realized within the afflicted, as well as the overall populace. Nothing left of what we deem normal will be left untainted, and with limited governmental funding and a lack of knowledge, mankind’s naïve, uncaring nature will only bring about less than desirable responses to treatment, medicinally or otherwise; given, the disorder is far more difficult to treat later in life. With the proximal factors of which occur within one 's own environment, such as acute

This affects how you feel about yourself and how you relate to others. A person with BPD has a fear of being alone. Feeling alone, worthless, etc. can lead to these people having episodes of anxiety and depression. Most researchers agree that a history of childhood trauma can be a cause for BPD. BPD is more widespread in females. 75% of those diagnosed are females. It is thought that BPD affects about 2% of the general population. A person with BPD has a smaller hippocampus and amygdala than an average person would. Their prefrontal cortex tends to be less active, especially when recalling memories of abandonment. Although like most personality disorders, BPD will typically decrease as a person ages. A person with BPD has manic episodes. In a manic episode, the person is extremely happy without any real reason to be happy. Not being able to sit still, restlessness, irritability, and unlimited energy are common in manic episodes. People in a manic episode oddly become very creative. A lack of organization renders a person in a manic episode from expressing their

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders(DSM-5,2013), "Borderline Personality Disorder (301.83) is a pervasive pattern of volatility of interpersonal relations, self image, and affect, and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of context" (p. 663). Concurrent disorders associated with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) are depressive and bipolar disorders and substance use disorders, eating disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. BPD also commonly co-occurs with other personality disorders. These disorders have a high co-morbidity. The incidence of BPD

Self- destructiveness is the main symptom of borderline personality disorder. Because people with BPD feel rejection and negative criticism more easily, they are more sensitive and untrustworthy to those around them and they feel like lashing out is the only option. This impulsivity accompanied by anger and anxiety is very common in people with BPD because it gives them immediate gratification from their emotional pain. The most common impulsive behaviours are promiscuity, alcohol abuse, substance abuse, and reckless spending. Slowly, the shame and guilt eats up at them. A cycle often begins in which people with BPD feel emotional pain, engage in impulsive behavior to relieve that pain, feel shame and guilt over their actions, feel emotional pain from the shame and guilt, and then experience stronger urges to engage in impulsive behavior to relieve the new pain. As time goes on, impulsive behavior may become an automatic response

The Mayo Clinic defines people with borderline personality disorder “often have a hard time understanding emotions and tolerating distress” (“Personality”). In contrast to many mental health conditions that involve struggles with emotions, borderline personality disorder stands out for the intensity of the everyday challenges with emotions and distress. Similarly, while some mood disorders may feel emotional fluctuations, someone with a borderline personality disorder will feel them more intensely. In addition, it is crucial to recognize that not all individuals experience the same symptoms, and there is more depth to a borderline personality disorder than mood fluctuations. Researchers from BrainsWay have found that there is a “50% comorbidity

BPD affects about four percent of the community, but can be as high as twenty percent in many clinical psychiatric populations. It can be difficult to treat because it responds poorly to most conventional methods of treatment and because of how little we still know about it. There have been many great discoveries about BPD in only a few decades. There are still many questions to be answered about this disorder, but it has gone from a label attached to those who did not quite fit into other categories to a completely separate and somewhat understood mental illness.

People with bipolar disorder face a suicide rate that is around three times as high as the general population (Oral, 2014) due to factors that their disorder present. These contributing factors include, but are not limited to: “early age at disease onset, the high number of depressive episodes, comorbid alcohol abuse, a history of antidepressant-induced mania, and traits of hostility and impulsivity” (Sobel, 2012). People may feel a loss of control in their life or illness because of these factors or vice versa. Around 10-20% of people with bipolar disorder commit suicide (Dinan, 2002), which makes the illness

When using DBT with BPD we assume the following: that the cause and maintenance of BPD is a combination of a biological disorder within the emotion regulation system, and an invalidating environment. In other words, we assume an individual with BPD has a disturbance in their emotion regulation system due to genetics, a traumatic event when they were very young, etc. that is mixing with an invalidating environment and, as a result of the combination, is causing the unregulated emotions to increase, along with the invalidating environment. We also assume that for individuals with BPD it is not just specific emotions that are disordered, but rather the whole emotional regulation system that is disordered, meaning all problem behaviors are a result

With BPD there are often extremes in beliefs and views, such as all good or all bad. People with BPD are can be uncertain about whom they truly are as a person. With no self sense, interests and values may conflict as well as change rapidly. Their views of others may also change quickly. One day a certain person may be admired. The next day that same person may be despised or hated. Suddenly shifting feelings often foster relationships that are unstable and intense. There are numerous other identifiable traits someone with BPD may display. Some of these symptoms may include fear abandonment, feelings of emptiness and boredom, frequent displays of inappropriate anger, destructive impulsiveness, intolerance of being alone, as well as repeated self crises (i.e. self injury).

For a variety of reasons and excuses, one student, we’ll call him Skip, always disregards his readings before his Comm 1101 class. Two theories that explain this self-destructive behavior are the Social Judgement Theory and Theory of Reasoned Action. Social Judgment Theory deals with the social context of a situation and how one’s frame of reference influences judgement. Within this theory, there are three latitudes: acceptance, rejection, and noncommitment. Past viewpoints and beliefs affect where messages land on one’s latitude scale.

When dealing with persuasion, the Reasoned Action Model is often used as a way to predict behavior. The attitude toward the behavior, the social perception of the norm, and the perceived behavioral control all influence one’s intentions, which in turn impacts their behavior. Due to the fact that the Reasoned Action Model largely relies on social perception to ultimately determine behavior, the use of social proofing can be tied in to further strengthen the persuasive message of the YMCA. In order to accomplish this we plan to bring in Aaron Rogers to visit schools throughout the Wisconsin area and address the students on the importance of living a healthy and active lifestyle.

Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior and This Campaign’s 'How to Do It Right' Video