Reasons For The Failure Of The Khilafat Movement 1919

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who lead the non-violence movement in South Africa and India from 1969 to 1948, fought against racial prejudice, and helped India gain independence from the British. Gandhi went to India and saw how unfairly people were being treated and at the time, India was under Great Britain's rule, causing exploitation and deprivation of Indians. Gandhi wanted to change this, and began his non-violent changes that were extraordinary but not in the long run since many problems emerged after India won independence from Britain. Consequently, Gandhi’s accomplishments, to a certain degree, were extraordinary given the situation between Britain and India.

There was great resistance against this movement, and much of the neighboring Islamic world looked upon this westernization with disdain. Although Ataturk and Reza Shah ruled their countries with absolute power, and suppressed many citizens and minority groups, there were some positive aspects of the movement. The countries of Turkey and Iran would not be what they are today without the influence of these rulers in their

Lastly, Kemal established new laws, saying that women were no longer forced to wear the veil, the mark under Muslim customs of their seclusion from public life. In traditional Islam society, women couldn’t show themselves in public to keep men holy and prevent impure thoughts from entering men’s minds. Kemal did away with this. Women were to be equal and become part of public life, and get educated, get a job, and no longer had to wear the veil. All of these established efforts were major contributions for Turkey by Kemal.

In 1757, Great Britain extended its empire into India. This occupation would not fully end until 1947. In the time between, there were many movements by the Indian people to gain independence from the British. The movement that finally succeeded in winning India’s independence was led by one of the most influential figures of the 20th century, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Gandhi’s methods for fighting against the occupation of the British were very different from those of any of the freedom movements before. And that was why it worked. Gandhi did not agree with the general reasoning of the time: that conflicts could be solved through negotiation and forceful resistance.1 Rather, his faith led him to go

n. During the freedom movement, Muslims and Hindus fought against each other. There were arguments over whether India should be a secular state or a Hindu state in its times of Independence.

To start, Mohandas Gandhi's goal was to March peacefully and without violence.” My ambition is no less than to convert the British people through non-violence, and thus make them see the wrong they have done to India... but if you cannot see your way to deal with this evils and if my letter makes no appeal to your heart... to

Gandhi was always an active member in equality for the Indian people especially after he was denied to keep studying law in England and was kicked off the first class train so he stayed in India and decided to practice hinduism. He lived the rest of his life out telling people to follow the nonviolent disobedience and “on January 30, 1948, he was on one such prayer vigil in New Delhi when he was fatally shot by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist who objected to Gandhi’s tolerance for the Muslims” (History.com Staff).

After World War I, India established organizations known as the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League to lead their efforts toward independence. Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the Russian Revolution played a major role. Mahandes Gandhi, an Indian nationalist, led the movement toward independence for India. He was raised as a Hindu and studied law in England. He was opposed to the idea of the caste or class system especially the exclusion of the Untouchables. During his leadership, the British allowed the Indians to “self-rule”, but this lifestyle was rejected by the Muslims because the wanted complete independence. As a

There was increasing pressures from converts to be treated on equal footing of Arab Muslims. However the problem was that a non- Arab, even after converting to Islam, had no tribal affiliation, which could provide him an identity within Arab society. Thus, non-Arab conversion brought a change in Islam when the following solution was devised to the above problem: An Arab Muslim could take a non-Arab convert under his wing as a “client” and thus make the convert a type of honorary tribal member. Hence, from this inequality, came the various parties disaffected with Umayyad rule. And at the fringes of this rule, the rebel movement capable of overthrowing the central government and completely reshaping Muslim society took

There were many way causes which led Gandhi to become a leader this is one of them. Gandhi wanted to get rid the British out of the way, without using violence at all. An example of this was when he brought all of the reporters, to India and tried to burn the passbooks.

The Middle East was made up with small, dysfunctional countries that could not unite because of the difference of religion. India on the other hand did unite and defeated the British Empire by using a non-violent approach. The INC or Indian National Congress and the Muslim League were the two groups that pushed for nationalization of India. The INC’s leader was Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi pushed for the non-violent approach and used the already tainted view of empire against empire not against the British people. “Our quarrel is not with the British people, our fight their imperialism”(Tusan, 232). That quote is from Gandhi’s Quit India Speech. Instead of using violence and anger against the British people, Gandhi used movements like the Salt March as a non-violent approach to protest taxes and people were thrown in jail for it. This was what he needed to get rid of Empire. (Tusan, Lecture, 4/8). With every the non-violent approaches that Gandhi took; it was one step closer to gaining independence. The way that India gained its freedom was

Between 1301 to 1922, in the region north of present day Syria, was known as the Ottoman empire. It was rooted in the belief that Islam as an ideology should be in power. One territory held by the Ottoman empire was their homeland of Turkey. In 1907, the Sultan Abdul Hamid II, wanted for the most part to have people who were educated outside of the country limited in what they could do, and if not then they were expunged, as he thought that they were the cause of his land’s plight and decline. This resulted in him becoming very unpopular with his people, thus having many secret societies created practically under his nose. The most important being The Young Turks.

The Muslim League, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, insisted on a separate Muslim state called Pakistan (Bentley 889). He observed that “[t]he only solution to India’s problem is Pakistan” (Bentley 890). Jinnah believed that the only way to prevent violence between Hindus and Muslims was to segregate them. However, Gandhi and Nehru disagreed with him and demanded an integrated India where national identity, not religion, defined oneself. Nehru declared, “[i]f the division is made so as to separate the predominately Hindu and Muslim areas, the Hindu areas will not be so hard hit.

The Muslim countries gained independence half way through the nineteenth century, one country at a time. Their independence was achieved through armed struggle, which made the military dominant like in other parts of formerly colonized world. The economic and political challenges faced by the Muslim communities led to different modern movements. The most popular reform in Islam was known as Islamism and rejection of secularist models. Some Islamic groups arose and engaged in terrorist activities in the name of Islam. As a result, Islam is seen as a violent religion.

Eventually Gandhi helped pave the way for India’s independence however it wasn’t all over. India began to divide between Muslim’s and Hindu’s and it was settled that the North and Eastern parts of India would be given to Muslim’s and called Pakistan and Hindu’s would be left with the rest of India as their homeland. Thus happening all against Gandhi’s wishes. As scenes move on, Gandhi takes ill, and it becomes known that he has gone on a hunger strike due to the violence between Muslims and Hindu’s. At one point it is clarified