Reburial of King Richard III Seldom has history been brought to life in such an extravagant, lavish, yet poignant way as in the discovery and reburial of the bones of one of England’s most infamous monarchs, King Richard III. The whereabouts of Richard’s remains were a mystery for 530 years. In an exercise of extraordinary scholarship, involving a closely knit team of experts in archaeology, engineering, forensics, genetics, geology, history and medicine, and hailed as “as one of the most astonishing archaeological hunches in modern history” (1), the remains were discovered in a parking lot near the Cathedral of Leicester. Interestingly, the excavators decided to look in a spot marked with an “R” which no one knew the origin or meaning
The Repton Long Barrow sits between the parish church and the River Esk in Repton, Bluffshire, U.K. Last summer, I examined evidence for previous disturbance(s) of the site and assessed the extent to which the original Neolithic burial mound remained intact. I excavated two different sites on the mound, one on the east end and another on the west end of the barrow. While excavating and cleaning each of the sections, I recovered artifacts and human bones. I was also able to draw a stratigraphic profile of each excavation site. Using documentary sources pertaining to the Repton Long Barrow site to assist in my interpretation of the history, I was able to reconstruct the
Scotland has an abundance of archaeology all throughout the country and all within different parts of prehistory. Scottish archaeology has a big impact on both the rest of the UK and on the rest of Europe. Although during the beginning of the 20th century, archaeology was seen as nothing more than labour, with the help of the two great men which held ‘the Abercromby chair’ – both with their own contributions to Scottish archaeology as a whole – it soon rocketed into the discipline what we see today.
Richard constant use of manipulating characters around him to get what he wants is majestic and beautiful with his play on words. Ultimately, manipulation is the key to Richard success and he does it so well that he manipulates the audience. As he allows the audience to enter into the play by learning the secret details of his plots he creates the audience to be involved in the wrong doings as Richard takes us on the journey. The ways Richard uses his manipulation skills makes the play as though the audience is a part of it and creates the audience to be on his side for the majority of the
Wardarius, I do agree with you that King Richard II believes that God anointed him during his kingship. He also believed that God was standing by him and as King and he can do anything that he wants because of his royal status. King Richards Crown was handed down through the death of his father, so he was not elected by the people. I also believe that during Richard’s rule he did not have compassion for the people who turn on him during his rule. King Richard II was a confident but arrogant king who craved to be in control of every
Though Margaret herself has a questionable moral compass and thus questionable moral authority, her curses imply her authority is given by heaven or heaven’s powers, and henceforth her judgment can be trusted. Not only do all of her imprecations prove true, but they also play out in a way that brings about justice and ultimately a new start for the kingdom, by uniting Richmond and Elizabeth. Richmond’s closing words impart a sense of peace as he calls upon God to “let Richmond and Elizabeth, / the true succeeders of each royal house, / By God’s fair ordinance conjoin together” (5.5.29-31), he also pleas for “smooth-faced peace” (5.5.33), “smiling plenty”, and “fair prosperous days” (5.5.34). By closely examining the words Margaret speaks, and the results of her curses, it is impossible to conclude that she exists simply as a woman in need of revenge.
The wait is finally over! Scientists have proved that the bones of Richard III are actually his! The bones of Richard III are really his because scientists have found that he had injuries from battle and DNA that clarifies that he had blue eyes and blond hair. Scientists have discovered that he had an interesting grave, scoliosis, and many injuries to the head. Keep reading if you want to know more about Richard
In 1939 a tomb of an Anglo Saxon who was suspected to have been a king, was discovered by Basil Brown at the commission by Mrs. Edith Pretty in Suffolk, England. It was found that the tomb was actually a large ship with many precious objects, making it one of the riches discoveries in England. News spread throughout England, of the find got out and Charles Philips visited the site; wanting to be in on the action, he joined the excavation and took over. One of the finds was a helmet of a hero, it was smashed to pieces. According to a curator of BBC, on July 28th, 1939, the most momentous piece was found— a rusted helmet that was smashed into many tiny pieces. The helmet was made of iron and tin copper alloy and covered in an overlay of
In 2012 the human remains of what was believed to be of King Richard III were discovered under a parking lot in Leicester. Analysis and historical documentation support that these remains were in fact Richard III. The remains were of a 30 years old male with gracile features and severe scoliosis, he was found with severe head trauma that more than likely was the cause of death. The writers of this article; Angela L. Lamb, Jane E. Evans, Richard Buckley, and Jo Appleby use isotope analysis to discuss and reconstruct Richards diet and migration history. Their analysis consisted of two teeth, one femur, and one rib bone. They were hoping that they could use historical documentation and isotope findings to help reconstruct Richards life, and they would gain knowledge about his diet and migration history. This article explains that this case was new at the time and these were only preliminary findings but with continued research they were hoping to find out more about this unpopular King.
Glimpses of monk societies are vastly present in Richard's (the chronicler) accounts of the Crusade and through his intimate knowledge of monastic life. Richard's monastery at Winchester and possibly others had access to ancient writers such as Ovid (3) and Vergil (12) to supplement their works. This shows a possible increase in fascination for the Roman Empire and its literary works. References to ancient authors and poets can be found throughout the chronicle when opportunities present themselves. Though mostly talking about monks that follow the Rule of St. Benedict, he begins by dedicating the chronicle to a former prior of the monastery who went to the Carthusian order of monks (1). This can show that some monks changed not only their
To better establish the personal attributes and leadership qualities of King Richard II, his background must first be understood. He was born in England in the year 1367 and ruled England from 1377 to 1399 (Saul,
‘vices’ (ll. 2 & 34), and that he ‘fell / to make the living wise’
Excavations at the prehistoric site of Boxgrove in Eartham Quarry, Boxgrove, West Sussex, England were carried out, primarily, between 1983 and 1992 with the analysis of the finds from the site occurring between 1983 and 1989 (Roberts 1999:xix).
In reading Richard II, I had a hard time understanding why gardens were mentioned and what they meant in the story. In looking at other stories that I have read, in years past, I see that they too also used garden terms to describe certain things in a story. Not just a basic garden description but using how a garden grows or how some takes care of garden to describe a how a government is run or how love grows in a story. In the next few paragraphs I chose three different areas in Richard II that a garden or nature was described by Gaunt and what he meant by it as well as other passages in the play where a garden was used to describe something.
Let us begin with Richard II and Richard’s extra-legal actions in act 1. As we shall see, though Richard here seizes the exception and establishes himself as sovereign over English law, his actions create a dangerous precedent that will eventually prove the king’s undoing. The play famously begins with King Richard mediating an argument between Henry Bolingbroke and Thomas Mowbray. As Katherine Eisaman Maus explains, the two “are fighting about the murder of Thomas of Woodstock;” though “Bolingbroke knows that Richard secretly ordered Woodstock’s death,” he nevertheless “cannot say so, [and must] pic[k] Richard’s agent Mowbray for his target” (“Introduction to Richard II,” 973). Richard, cognisant of his own guilt in Woodstock’s death, cannot allow the matter to proceed legally, and defers judgement in favour of a trial by combat—an already antiquated means of determining whose cause was right that acts under the presumption that God will favour the just cause and allow the innocent man to win (973). Richard, however, senses that Mowbray’s loss would “fright fair peace / And make us wade even in our kindred’s blood”—that is, ignite civil war—and so of necessity asserts his own authority over that of his own laws: he diffuses the situation by ‘mercifully’ banishing the combatants from the realm and thereby preventing further crisis (1.3.131-132). In so doing he rises to Schmitt’s hypothesised role of
History is not all that it is "cracked up to be." If a person believes himself/herself to be logical, it is easy to assume that researchers of history and authors of historical works are ethical and do their best. This is not a conclusion that is borne out by the facts. The case of the written history of King Richard III of England is an outstanding example of the lack of adequate research and actual perfidy on the part of historians.