Red # 40 Dyes

The purpose of this laboratory experiment is for an aromatic compound to undergo an electrophilic substitution reaction. To carry this out, our method combines sodium iodide and common bleach as the oxidizing agent in aqueous alcohol as the solvent.

Also depicted in this paper is the type of cancers caused by each chemical and other related health problems associated with each chemical. Finally, the role of government agencies such as FDA, EPA and OSHA in preventing excessive amount or zero amounts of toxic chemicals from entering the environment will be discussed. The last paragraphs will enumerate the inferred conclusion from my research on Agent Orange, DDT and Benzene.

Be a scientist! Rangely, Colorado’s science fair, challenges you to be and think like a scientist. We are doing the Dye Chicky Dye science fair project. In this Get the 2 plastic containers and put 2 tablespoons of vinegar in each container. Then put your Easter egg dye tablet in one and put 6 drops of food coloring in the other. Next, put your egg on a spoon and dip the egg in the dye, but be very careful while completing this step. Remember, these are not hard boiled Easter project we will be dyeing 7 fertilized chicken eggs with blue Easter egg dye and blue food coloring dye. We will be watching to see if the different dyes affect the rate of the chickens hatching.

Since these dyes are harmful to the environment, a benefit of doing research on them is to find a way to more safely and quickly remove these dyes from the environment. The current methods are expensive, and cause the dyes to turn into sludge, which is also dangerous because this sludge can produce toxic products.^3 In addition to this, doing research on the properties that these dyes have on humans would be beneficial in studying the effects they have on humans and how to treat these effects.

Have you ever wondered how to tie dye socks, well here are some easy and simple steps? This could be a neat project to do with your kids or just when you get bored. Keep in mind this is a messy project that requires lots of time.

The so-called “blue gold” later became culturally important and highly desired throughout Europe, Japan, and West Africa, before eventually making it’s way to the American colonies, where its cultivation and trade helped fund the Revolutionary War effort.

The purpose of this experiment was to prepare azo dyes using the combinatorial approach to show the principles combinatorial chemistry. Using combinatorial synthesis, an array of chemicals can be synthesized by using a parallel synthesis to identify potentially valuable compounds. This electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction involved multiple steps to complete, however, no major techniques were used; only the use of a hot place and an ice bath. The specific azo dyes produced in this experiment used the coupling partners 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol with 3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. The azo dye for the meta reaction of 1-naphthol with 3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid yielded a very dark red color. The azo dye for the meta reaction of

The use of a free radical scavenger is a helpful strategy for finding whether or not a free radical is involved in the degradation reaction mechanism. The reaction was explored in the presence of isopropanol, a well-known radical scavenger. That has been used in peroxide reactions to trap a wide range of radical species. The experiment was carried out by the addition of isopropyl alcohol (0.02M) as a radical scavenger. The rate constant decreased remarkably from 0.035 to 0.009 min-1.The decrease in the rate constant is due to the consumption of the generated OH radical by a scavenger. This experiment has clearly confirmed the participation of hydroxyl radical as a powerful oxidant in the oxidative degradation of the dye with the synthesized

Aromatic compounds are common pollutants in the effluents of several industries. Among these aromatic pollutants, aniline (slightly yellow-to-brown, clear oily liquid, Specific gravity: 1.02) is very hazardous compound to humans as well as the environment. Aniline and its derivatives are used as intermediates for the manufacturing of various synthetic compounds such as dyestuffs, rubbers, UNDER PEER REVIEW 2 pesticides, plastics and paints. However, the aniline-laden wastewater discharged from these industries has become a severe environmental problem as well.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture approved Red 3 in 1986 for use in food and drugs. It is a water-soluble dye with about a 58 percent iodine content. The suggested ADI is 2.5 mg/kg bw/day. With this dye the child’s dosage is 75 mg/day for a 30 kg child. The Genotoxicity studied turned up negative 8 out of 12 times.Red 3 is an animal carcinogen. (Kobylewski 25,27 )

In this study, the dyeing behavior of wool fabrics with madder has been studied. Also, the effect of different mordants (potassium dichromate, stannous chloride, alum, ferrous sulphate, lime, copper (I, II) sulphate, cobalt chloride, and nickel chloride) as well as three mordanting procedures namely pre-, meta- and post-mordanting on color characteristics of the dyed samples has been investigated. The adsorption isotherm of madder on wool fibers was found to follow Freundlich type of adsorption. The addition of salt and acid (pH 4.5) to the dyebath resulted in an increase of adsorption. In relation to mordanting tests, the use of different mordants and mordanting procedures gave various color characteristics on dyed wool fabrics. The results showed that all the dyed samples, mordanted and unmordanted, were in the first quadrant of CIEL*a*b* color space. Mordants such as potassium dichromate, ferrous sulphate and copper (I, II) sulphate led to the darker and lower chromaticity compared to unmordanted dyed sample while mordants stannous chloride, alum resulted in the lighter and higher chromaticity values. Mordanting with the chlorides of cobalt and nickel showed the minimal color difference (∆E) with the unmordanted dyed sample. The fastness properties indicated that in general wash and light fastness of the mordanted samples were higher than the unmordanted one.

It is clear from the standard redox potential data that hydroxyl radical is the strongest known oxidant (2.06 V), second to fluorine (2.23 V) (Table 1). Therefore, the complete mineralization of most of the organic matters is possible, when the hydroxyl radicals are the main oxidizing species in the solution. This is one of the major advantages of AOPs, since other chemical oxidation processes mostly lead to partial oxidation of the target compounds, ant thus, the generation of new hazardous compounds is possible. The other advantage of AOPs is the generation of neglible amounts of residues and their applicability, in case of very low

The decolorization potential of microorganism was assessed by examining its ability to degrade various textile dyes. All 10 dyes monitored showed decolorization as follows: Reactive Yellow 84 (complete decolorization in 5 h), Reactive Green 19A (95% in 24 h) , Reactive Red 120 (complete decolorization in 6 h), Reactive Blue 160 (complete decolorization in 3 h), Reactive Red 31(complete decolorization in 6 h), Solvent Red 24 (complete decolorization in 8 h), Basic Green 4 (80% in 24 h), Diamond Green 4 (complete decolorization in 24 h), Pigment Orange 31 (complete decolorization in 3 h) and RO16 (complete decolorization in 2 h), while in sterile, cell free medium decolorization did not occur up to 48 h of incubation suggesting the absence of abiotic decolorization. As RO16 showed complete decolorization in 2 h, this industrially important toxic azo dye was taken for further studies. Lysinibacillus sp. RGS could decolorize RO16 rapidly and thus was found to be better than the bacterial consortium DAS reported by Jadhav et al (2011). To confirm the decolorization, UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis was carried out. The absorption spectra of RO16 before and after treatment by Lysinibacillus sp. RGS in visible range were taken. Peak responsible for absorption maxima of parent dye (495 nm) were completely disappeared in the sample obtained after decolorization (Fig.S1) confirming the complete removal.

Residues from fibre preparation sometimes emit pollutants during heat setting processes. Carriers and solvents may be emitted during dyeing operations depending on the types of dyeing processes used and from wastewater treatment plant operations. Carriers used in batch dyeing of disperse dyes may lead to

Pollution has been a wide problem in all over a world. In most of the industries used dyes as a coloring agent such astextile (Y.C. Wong et al., 2013), paint (King et al., 2008), leather (Sugashini S. et al., 2012), cosmetic (Suantakkamsonlian et al., 2011),paper, printing, cloth (George Z. Kyzas) andfood industries. The wastewaters discharged from dying industries which contains high biological oxygen demand (BOD),