Red Dwarf Star Research Paper

Stars are the most recognized astronomical object in space and they represent the building blocks of galaxies. Stars distribute elements such as: carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. A star develops from a cloud of hydrogen and helium, the dust clouds that are scattered throughout galaxies. An example of a dust cloud is the Orion Nebula. The gas and dust begin to collapse from its own gravitational pull. As the cloud collapses, the middle gets hotter. This is known as a prostar. A dense and hot core forms which begins to collect dust and gas. All this material may not end up as a part of the star but can become planets, asteroids, comets, or remain dust. A star about the size of our sun can up to 50 million years to mature. The smallest stars are

After a time, the hydrogen runs out almost completely, and it collapses. New reactions begin to take place in the core and these reactions cause the star to expand rapidly. As the stars begin to deplete their new fuel, they switch to others. New elements are formed in the cores of stars but they become too heavy. The star has reached its end growth. When it reaches the end, a tremendous amount of energy is released and it begins to shed its outer layers, the gravity is too weak hold onto them anymore. Once the layers are removed, in the stars place is a fiery core called a planetary nebula. Eventually, the core runs out of fuel and it collapses. This star is now in a very dense state, and is called a white dwarf. Eventually, the white dwarf cools until it no longer shines. This dead star is called a brown dwarf.More massive stars, however, have more violent ways of dying. Some stars turn it into a supergiant. Supergiant stars are extremely bright, and are extremely large. Supergiant stars cores, can collapse violently and suddenly. This collapse causes a tremendous explosion, called a

After its core hydrogen is depleted, a red main sequence star will go supernova after its red giant phase.

The life cycle of the Sun starts like all stars with a cloud of dust and gas made up of mostly hydrogen. If the cloud cools, it will shrink because of the gravitational pull between the particles

The life cycle of a star is dependent on its mass. The larger the mass, the quicker it will die out, whereas stars which are no more than half the size of our Sun can live up to hundreds of billion years. However no matter how large the star is, they all begin their lives in a nursery known as a molecular cloud.

Comparing red giants to the sun, they are about 1000 times larger. Compared to the sun’s temperature, a red giants temperature is about half as much. This is because the same amount of energy has to be spread out across a much more massive star causing it to be cooler than it was before. The name red giant was given to these stars because the change in temperature causes the star to shine in the redder part of the spectrum. Stars can spend anywhere between 1000 years and one billion years in the red giant phase. After a certain amount of time, the helium finally runs out and fusion stops. Since there is no more helium, gravity pushes the star inward. The stars outer atmosphere is then blown out into huge clouds of gas and dust which is known as planetary nebulae. These clouds of gas and dust are then made to make new stars. As for the core of the star, it is still there. The star is now a white dwarf. White dwarf stars occur when the red giant loses its outer atmosphere. White dwarf stars are extremely hot because they are composed of only the core of the star which is the hottest

There were five massive discoveries that the rover Curiosity made. In August 200 the rover landed on Mars and been exploring the red planet since, but the robot has racked up quite a string of accomplishments while been on the red planet. For examples, when the rover first touched down on the red planet, it had a dramatic “seven minutes terror” when it touched down. This showed a successfully demonstrated a new technique that would help land the large payload of deliveries with unprecedented precision and successfully helping to pave a way for human outposts on the Red Planet. The rover was launched in order to determine whether the Gale Crater landing site has ever been able to support microbial life, the car sized rover successfully answered that question within seven months into the 2

I am contacting you on behalf of the Astronomy Club. As you may or may not have heard, the Associated Students of the University of Arizona released a statement to all of the clubs on campus saying that the Appropriations Board had a meeting on March 6th and concluded that it no longer had any more funds to support any of the clubs until further notice. We received this approximately 2 weeks prior to when we had planned to submit our necessary document to request travel funds for our upcoming 2-day trip to the Grand Canyon/Discovery Telescope on the weekend of April 14-16. Therefore, we are contacting you to ask if the department would consider partially funding this event.

The Low mass stars spend there main life as a fusion machine which turns hydrogen into helium and a very slow and methodical pace. When the energy released by this fusion reaches the surface it is released into space and this is the star luminosity. Over a long, long time sometimes billions of years a low mass star consumes the hydrogen in its core and converts it to helium, at which point the core starts to contract and shrink. Once all of the hydrogen inside the stars core begins to become totally exhausted, the core pressure gives way to the crush of gravity because it has no more fusion occurring in its core at that time. As the core shrinks rapidly and the outer layers start to expand the stars shape begins to grow in size and its luminosity becomes extraordinary brighter due to the outer shell starting to produce fusion more rapidly then the core did during the main sequence life of the star. As this situation grows more rapidly and extreme the core starts to rapidly burn again and fuse its core helium into carbon. Then just before its final death the star ejects its outer layers into space. This leaves only the degenerate carbon core and since this core is still very hot it emits intensely powerful ultraviolet radiation and glows brightly in what is known as a planetary nebula. The nebula fades and cools over around a million or so years and we are left with a white dwarf cooling indefinitely till

The life cycle of star is on an eternal cycle of birth, death and regeneration where the gases that form stars are ejected by the very stars when they die. This all starts with the helium gas and fusion of hydrogen. The life cycle of a star is formed from stellar nebula to high mass stars and low mass stars. Hertzsprung and Russell classified stars on the main sequence of the H-R diagram about 1910 that shows the relationship between luminosities and spectral types.

We are lucky enough in our lifetime to be able to physically see images of different stellar bodies. Not only are we able to view these beautiful space pictures, but we can see them in high definition. It’s incredible that we have advanced enough to send out objects that will last millions of light years away and send back pictures and data on each object in our solar system. The Hubble Telescope has been a great champion in showing us the wonders of our universe. Here are 5 shocking space pictures that remind us how incredible the universe really is.

A Solar Mass Main Sequence Star will stay in its newborn state for about 90% of its life however when it is time to return to the universe, it must go through many stages before its final curtain call.

This causes the ball, now a star, to shine. Depending on the mass of the star, they can reach different types of fusion. Normal stars that have a mass of up to 4 times the sun can only have hydrogen fusion, helium fusion, and carbon fission. Stars with a bigger mass is classified as a massive star, and they undergo multiple stages. They start out similar to the normal stars with hydrogen fusion, helium fusion and carbon fission, but continue over to oxygen fusion, and silicon fusion. The end product of Silicon is Iron. No star can fuse Iron, it will die. How much gas and dust is collected during the star’s formation determines the size and colour of the star. As time passes by, stars fight the inward pull of the force of gravity. The outward pressure created by the nuclear reactions pushing away from the star's core keeps the star whole. However, these nuclear reactions require hydrogen. Eventually the supply of hydrogen in the core runs out and the star begins to

Like our sun, it will eventually run out of hydrogen and helium fuel at the star’s core. However, it will have enough mass and pressure to fuse carbon (S2). Next, over time, heavier elements build up at the center and it becomes layered like an onion (S2). The elements will become lighter and move towards the outside of the star. The core will heat up and become dense. The core will become extremely heavy; so heavy that its gravitational force will not be able withstand it; causing it to explode. The explosion spews out stellar material throughout space

Main sequence stars like our own sun enduring in a state of nuclear fusion during which they will produce energy for billions of years by replacing hydrogen to helium. Stars change over billions of years. When their main sequence phase ends they pass through other states of existence according to their size and other characteristics. The larger a star's mass, the shorter its lifespan is. As stars move toward the end of their lives, much of their hydrogen will be converted to helium. Helium sinks to the star's core and raises the star's temperature—causing its outer shell to expand. These large, puffy stars are known as Red Giants. The red giant phase is actually a prelude to a star shedding its outer layers and becoming a small, dense body called a White Dwarf. White dwarfs cool down for billions and billions of years, until they finally go dark and produce no energy at all. Once this happens, scientists have yet to observe, such stars become known as Black Dwarfs. A few stars avoid this evolutionary path and instead go out with a bang, exploding as Supernovae. These violent explosions leave behind a small core that will then turn into something called a Neutron Star or even, if the remainder is large enough, it is then turned into something called a Black Hole.