Redentore: Sacrifice

Father abandoned child, wife husband, one brother another; for this illness seemed to strike through breath and sight. An so they died. None could be found to bury the dead for money or friendship. Members of a household brought their dead to a ditch as best they could, without priest, without divine offices. In many places in Siena great pits were dug and piled deep with the multitude of dead. And they died by the hundreds, both day and night, and all were thrown in those ditches and covered with earth. And as soon as those ditches were filled, more were dug. I, Agnolo di Tura . . . buried my five children with my own hands. . . . And so many died that all believed it was the end of the world." (another description) Fathers abandoned their sick sons. Lawyers refused to come and make out wills for the dying. Friars and nuns were left to care for the sick, and monasteries and convents were soon deserted, as they were stricken, too. Bodies were left in empty houses, and there was no one to give them a Christian burial. The terror of this seemingly unstoppable march of death was the unknown nature of its origin. The absence of an identifiable earthly cause gave the plague supernatural and sinister quality. (The Black Death: Bubonic Plague)

When twelve Genoese ships arrived in 1347 Messina, Sicily, barely any of the crew were alive. They were sickly looking and covered in black boils. Quickly, the ships were sent off but it was too late. Within a few days, the disease started affecting the town, making the Black Death’s first of many appearances in Europe (Martin 12). The Bubonic plague, known as the Black Death, was a disease that devastated the Western World in late 1347. The disease originated in eastern Asia but was spread by rat-infested ships traveling along trade routes. The people of Europe had never been exposed to the disease before therefore lacked the necessary antibodies to fight it off. The disease appeared in waves until the eighteenth century. It was

The Black Plague or Black Death was an outbreak of a disease that was spread through rats, feces, fleas, and physical contact. The epidemic began in China, where, during wars, soldiers hurled infected bodies at Italian soldiers, consequently the physical contact. The Italians would go back home on their ships, which was infested with rats and fleas. Unknowingly, they would spread the newfound disease amongst those they came into contact with when they returned to Italy. In the spring of 1348, the disease reached Italy and began to spread like wildfire. Three years later, the Plague had already taken 25%-50% of Europe’s population. The Black Plague was so devastating due to the ignorance of it, trade routes, and fear.

The Bubonic Plague took the lives of many individuals in the heart of Florence. Its reign affected “not just that of men and women…but even sentient animals” (Stefani). While the plague only lasted a mere six months, from March 1348 – September 1348, it is a piece of time that society should forever acknowledge and learn from. Much of the significant information from the Bubonic plague are unbeknownst to people today, even though it possesses such an importance aspect in our history. Therefore, in this essay, I will discuss the effects the plague had on the people of Florence, and how the appearance of this plague brought about short and long term historical change what we see today.

Europe 's gateway to trade was Venice. Venice was a producer of fine glass. The capital of textiles was Florence. The pandemic Black Death happened in the fourteenth century in Italy. The plaque was carried by fleas on ships. Due to the lack of proper sanitation it spread quickly. About 1.4 million people in England died. It was also called the bubonic plaque. The value of working class increased and workers traveled to more favorable positions. The price of food dropped and land value decreased. The disease spread more rampant in areas of poverty because of poor sanitation, dirty drinking water and lice. Children were hit the hardest.

The Black Death, also known as The Black Plague, is one of the most tragic and deadly pandemics to have occurred throughout all human history. It was introduced to Europe in 1347, when a series of trade ships docked at a Sicilian port after voyaging across the Black Sea from the city of Genoa, Italy. Over the next several years, the disease spread throughout all of Europe, killing countless men, women, and children in its path. While many at the time believed The Black Death to be a punishment from God for all their past sins, the disease was actually caused by bacteria known as Yersinia pestis. This bacterium is typically transmitted by “being bitten by a rodent flea that is carrying the plague bacterium or by handling an animal infected with plague.” When people encountered this bacterium, symptoms of illness began to show very quickly. Giovanni Boccaccio, an Italian author, lived through the plague and experienced its effects on the city of Florence, Italy firsthand. In his detailed account of the event, Boccaccio described some symptoms of the illness, saying “it began both in men and women with certain swellings in the groin or under the armpit. They grew to the size of a small apple or an egg, more or less, and were vulgarly called tumors.” These tumors, among other repulsive and painful symptoms, were a clear sign of upcoming demise to the people of Europe, and nearly all citizens who caught the illness died within days of contracting the disease. Over twenty

The Bubonic Plague otherwise known as the Black Death erupted in Italy in 1347 and by the time 1351 came around most of Europe had been struck with it. The Bubonic Plague was a sickness that ultimately caused your death. A bubo (black swelling) would occur in the groin area or underneath the armpit, in addition to that the sick would have sudden fevers and spit blood occasionally. People were so afraid of catching it they would avoid houses the sick lived in and relatives of the sick even abandoned them. When the plague finally left Italy the death toll was 96,000, all between the months of March and October. The Black Death impacted Italian life both socially, by restricting the citizens of Florence from doing anything, and politically by.

The Rome’s Pantheon and Greek’s Parthenon are both significant and innovative structures that have influenced the architecture around the world. This essay will describe the style and function of each building as well as the similarities and differences between ancient Greece and Rome in four characters including history, design, usage, and similarity.

The ships were put out to sea within a couple of days but the damage had already been done. The towns’ people came down with the illness and so did anyone who ventured onto those drifting vessels. The Black Death had arrived. The ships carrying the plague came into port in Genoa and Venice before it was realized they were the ones that caused so many people to suffer in Messina. An immigration mandate was passed, forcing people who were returning to Venice from the East to be quarantined for 40 days. The significance of this figure was that Christ had spent that many days suffering in the wilderness. In Milan, if anyone in your family came down with the illness, a cross was placed on the doors of the house and there you stayed until you succumbed to the plague. After leaving Italy, it took two months for the plague to raise its ugly head in France, where the immune systems of the citizens there were already fragile from wars and famine (Martin, S.).

In the spring of 1938, one of the deadliest pandemics first emerged along the shores of Italy. Through the examination of historical documents regarding this pandemic, it was discovered that the Black Death, or the plague, was initially spread among several Italian merchant ships on the return to the city of Messina from different regions of Asia, and such a sickness was a mystery to the sailors, as well as to the citizens, whom have succumbed to it (“The Black Death”). After a period of three years, while the pathogen spread throughout all of Europe, it has been estimated that about half of the population succumbed. So much terror was struck into the hearts of men and women that individuals avoided one another in fear of contracting the plague. Even

The different periods of architecture noticeably have unique aims in construction and preference, the first picture clearly a great example of Romanesque architecture. Due to the increased traffic of pilgrimage, the churches began to slightly change; yet the primary plan was based on the Roman basilica. The walkway included large columns and barrel vaulting, the apse was increased in size, and there came the inclusion of an ambulatory (walkway) with radiating chapels for people to view relics. The buildings were decorated around the portals with various sculptures of religious scenes, however many of them depicting harsh and negative

In about 6 months, the Black Death had taken millions of lives. The Black Death swept through Europe like a tidal wave, bought from city to city by ill traders, or rats. The disease quickly spread to Avinyo, where pope Clement VI held court, rather than In Rome. When news of the plague had come, the pope ordered his servants to surround his throne with candles thus letting nothing in. After the plague ended, his servants found hundreds of dead fleas near the candles.

“The Black Death, caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, first exploded in Europe between 1347 and 1351.” (Pappas) It consisted of three different plagues; The Bubonic, Septicemic, and Pneumonic plagues. It was first noticed when Genoese trading ships were docked at the Sicilian port of Messina arriving from the Black Sea. People waiting for the ships to arrive were astonished at the scene left on the ship. A big percentage of the sailors were dead. Others that were still alive, didn’t have much longer. They were very sick. They could not eat without needing to puke it up. This scene left a bad taste in the mouths of the people of Europe. They knew something was coming.

The Black Death began in the early 1346 with little known about its transmittal or cause but this did not stop the disease from spreading rapidly and devastatingly deadly. With the disease spread out all through Europe Hunt explains that the centralization of the disease and chaos was in and around Florence, Italy with half of their population falling to the plague. (Hunt, 411). Lualdi states that the plague wiped out an estimated third of the population of Europe then with repeated outbreaks afterwards. (Lualdi, 255). The plague negatively affected the social aspect of life to positively enhancing some of the economic patterns of Europe. Most historians can agree that in the long run the plague made positive changes in the life of the Western

The art and architecture displayed during the Renaissance showed many influences from the ancient Greek and Roman cultures. Middle age architecture led into humanism and classical antiquity, which is shown through many buildings during that time (Deliyannis). Middle Age architecture was influenced by Romanesque architecture. Their buildings had pointed arches, big windows, bigger buildings and more focus on religious styles (Deliyannis). This is evident through the many cathedrals in England. While Middle Age architecture was influenced by Romanesque architecture, Renaissance architecture was influenced by classical antiquity (Hankins). Classical antiquity is known as the revial of the cultures of Greece and Rome. Renaissance architecture focused on symmetry, proportion and geometry. The Pazzi Chapel in Florence was greatly influenced by classical antiquity (Class Notes). This is shown through the rounded arches and big windows of the building. The architecture from the renaissance and the Middle Ages shows the change of building style and the impacts of the influence they received.