Reducing Consumption Of Energy Consumption

Use the network diagram below and the additional information provided to answer the corresponding questions. [15 points]

The CSC consists of a sequence of four steps which are executed in sequence: \textit{(i)} Nodes use their maximum transmission power to connect to their neighboring nodes; \textit{(ii)} CC-links are established to increase connectivity; \textit{(iii)} The resulting topology from steps 1 and 2 are combined and we use topology control to select the routes towards the sink node that reduce the number of hops to reach the sink node.

The wireless local area network diagram uses a combination of three different topologies. The topologies represented are Ring, Star, and Mesh.

Exercise 2.3.4: It would take 1 hop to go from A to D, and from D to A. One additional link would connect E to the network, which would have no effect on sending messages.

Geographic Adaptive Fidelity (GAF): Geographic Adaptive Fidelity is an energy-aware location based routing algorithm planned for mobile ad-hoc networks but has been used to WSNs. Geographic Adaptive Fidelity conserving energy by switching off redundant sensors nodes. In this routing protocol, the entire network is classified into number of static zones and a virtual grid is made for the covered region. Every node utilizes its GPS-indicated location to link itself with a point in the virtual grid. Nodes linked to the same point on the grid are assumed equivalent with respect to packet routing costs. Nodes within a zone cooperate by choosing one node to show the zone for a period of time whereas the rest of the nodes sleep. A sample situation is considered from

where $W_D(H_{i,j}$) is the minimum power consumption of the node $v_i$ to communicate with the farthest node in $H_{i,j}$, and $W_{CC}(H_{i,j}$) is the minimum power consumption of the node $v_i$ to

The Hierarchical Power Aware Routing (HPAR) is a power aware routing protocol that divides the network into a group of sensors called zones [12]. In this, the cluster zones are formatted, then the decision is made that how message is routed so the battery life can be maximized. This protocol provides an approximation algorithm called max-min ZPmin algorithm. In this algorithm by applying Dijkshtra algorithm the path who consumes less power is found. Then the second path is found that maximizes the minimal residual power. The advantage is that it provides both transmission power and maximizes battery

Proposed algorithm consider three types of nodes every type have different initial energy level. normal nodes have E_0 energy. m advanced nodes have a times energy more than normal nodes with E_0 (1+a) energy level. m_0 super nodes have b times energy more than normal nodes with E_0 (1+b) energy level, where a and b are energy factors. As N is the number of total nodes in network, then for number of normal nodes, advanced nodes and super nodes N(1-m) , Nm〖(1-m〗_0) and Nmm_0 in the network, respectively.

The attacker correlates the packet transmission times of each node and traces the packets hop-by-hop from its source to its destination. The intuition here is that under normal scenarios, each intermediate forwarder will forward a packet towards its destination without adding additional delay or packet mixing. Privacy can be enhanced when each forwarder node adds a random delay before transmitting the packet ~\cite{zhang2012, shao2008} or route the packets to fake destinations~\cite{deng2005}.

In this example, here node A wants to send data packets to node D and starts to find the shortest path for its destination, so if node D is a malicious node then it will show that it has active route to the specified destination. It will then send the response In the example, data packets transfer in a hierarchic data center network. The link capacity is 1000 kb/s. The number on each is the traffic load. The distribution of traffic is based on equal cost multi-path (ECMP). In figure 8, we can see that the 3). Congestions

Provide an output that shows the routing table for your node after each iteration. Add a second table with two columns. One that shows the destination from your node and the second column indicating the number of hops to reach that node.

For the simple 3 router network (Figure 1), fill in the information that would be in each router’s routing table once the network has converged (see example in Chapter 4, pages 192-193).

with the associated least cost of the paths to the sink through them. The nodes which are directly reachable from the sink have both the parent nodes set to sink node. Besides, each node also stores its node ID, its remaining energy, the cost to be added to a path to sink that passes through this node. These variables at each node j are represented as follows.

The United States consumes more energy than needed, compared to the rest of the world. However, to properly address such an issue as over consumption of energy, one first must understand what “energy” is.

Humans today are using much more electricity than we need to in our houses and this is impacting our world more then we realise. Although electricity is a huge advantage to humans it has the complete opposite effects on our environment. By using more electricity, we are using more of the earth’s resources and if we keep going down this road then we are going to run out. The solution for this mass overuse of energy is to build houses which are more energy efficient. Features like LED lightbulbs, insulating and even positioning your house in the correct position for natural airflow instead of using air conditioning are all ways we can help improve this problem.