Reference Group Papers

Reference groups are actual or imaginary individual or group that significantly influences an individual’s evaluations, aspirations, or behavior. Reference group influences us in three ways: informational, utilitarian, and value-expressive. The National Rifle Association of America (NRA) is an American non-profit organization, which backs for gun rights. NRA has been acknowledging its members about gun-related bills. NRA has also been directly promoted against legislation.

Finding Nemo also uses the concept of refrence groups throughout the film. A refrence group is the groups of people with whom a person compares his or her self to. Refrence groups also show a lot about a person’s communication and self. What a person identifies with within the refrence group shows what that person

| Groups also have members who play certain social roles: * Encourager: Praises the ideas of others. * Harmonizer: Mediates differences between group members. * Compromiser: Moves group to another position that is favored by all group members. * Gatekeeper/expediter: Keeps communication channels open. * Standard Setter: Suggests standards or criteria for the group to achieve. * Group observer: Keeps records of group activities and uses this information to offer feedback to the group. * Follower: Goes along with the group and accepts the group 's ideas (Roles in Groups, 1999).

A relevant social group is a group of people who play a role in the development of an artifact. It is a group that share common meaning to the specific artifact. (September 25th Lecture)

Family identity is important to develop who they will be in the world, a family's values, goals and vision help build a strong foundation that will mold someone into a productive member of society. Family relationships are the building blocks that lead to strong moral values. Respect, honesty and trust are all developed with family members. The stronger the bond in the family, the stronger the moral values will be as a person grows up. If the family doesn’t have strong values, skills will develop based off the environment. This can be a tough thing to learn, not

A family is seen as a group of people who are biologically or psychologically related. They connect on historical, emotional

A reference group is any person or group that serves as a point of comparison (or reference) for an individual in forming either general or specific values, attitudes, or a specific guide for behavior. They help us understand the impact of other people on an individual’s consumption beliefs, attitudes, and behavior. It helps marketers choose their methodology to affect desired changes in consumer behavior. From a marketing perspective, reference groups are groups that serve as frames of reference for individuals in their purchase or consumption decisions. Reference groups that influence general or broadly defined values or behavior are called normative reference groups. Reference groups that serve as benchmarks for specific or narrowly

. One of my reference groups would be my teachers in the past throughout my k-12 grade years and my professors now. I want to be successful one day so I work as hard as I possibly can in all of my classes to succeed. My teachers have made such a positive influence on me because they just give us their experiences that are good or bad and make sure we don’t make the same mistakes as them so we can succeed. Some students won’t care but I do because I want to be successful. So, all of the techniques I was taught to get an A in the classroom have all been helpful and help me now in trying to achieve my career. All of the advice and techniques I was given from my teachers and professors are applied to my daily struggles I face now while doing

In most cultures, family plays a big role in one’s life. Family helps shapes people into who they become by giving

The first real life example of a reference group effecting how I felt about myself was when I decided to go back to college. The reference group was other people employed by accounting firms that made more money and had more benefits than I did. I was unhappy with my current job, and thought I deserved more than I was given. I compared my employment history and qualifications of those that worked in a similar field at other companies. I felt as those my education was not impressive enough to be entitled to more money and benefits. However, the feeling that the reference group made me feel, of being underqualified, also exhilarated me to go back to college to get my degree.

There were several instances in my childhood when my Family had a direct influence on me according to

Reference groups sometimes have the same meaning as in-groups. This is mostly when the reference group accepts the individual. An example of this is when a black wants to be part of the white majority, and isnt able to because of his color and affiliation with the black in-group. This is brought on by the demand for people color to adapt to white culture. In doing so, people of color are forced to rid themselves of taking pride in their ethnicity and culture. By doing this, a person of color may develop self-hate for themselves as individual or for their group. The minority group member is forced to make the dominant majority his reference group in respect to language, manners, morals, and law. He may be entirely loyal to his minority in-group, but he is at the same time always under the necessity of relating himself to the standards and expectations of the majority (Allport 95). The dominant majority is for him a reference group. It exerts a strong pull upon him, forcing attitudinal conformity. Thus, both in-groups and reference groups are important in the formation of attitudes (Allport 97).

Reference groups refer to people consumer associate with on a daily basis for example family because how children were brought up can determine how and where they spend their money or reference group can also refer to people they look up to and aspire to belong to a particular group are known as aspirational group for example the popular crowd

In order to find a definition that is able to capture what a reference group is in a comprehensive sentence, has been difficult and thus the following terms are the most relevant. The term reference group is defined as ‘A group of people that influences the decisions and opinions of a person or group’ (Cambridge, 2016). This term however, is very simplistic and more detail is required to fully understand what reference groups are. Hyman (1942) originally characterised the term in a social status study and this characterisation has been developed and refined numerous amounts of times since, (comb, 1943, Campbell, et al, 1960 and Shibutani, 1955). Park & Lessig (1977) provided their version

There are different reference groups that can be identify such as informal, formal membership and disclaimant. Informal reference groups have interests and goals in common. For example, relatives, mothers in the community and peers. A formal reference would be have one main goal in