Referential” is a short story in which Lorrie Moore, the author, captures the feelings of despair while attempting to cope with a loved one who is suffering from a mental illness. The mother experiences the hopelessness that comes with trying to balance life with a mentally ill sixteen-year-old son, while trying to salvage a relationship that is irreconcilable. The narrative voice was a well thought out choice that led to an effective story with such well-established characters and theme. The lack of satisfaction the mother experiences, despite all of her efforts, and the complex web of emotional pain within the characters that is so well communicated, may be a reflection of the narration. This short story is exclusively written in third person, which appears to be an advantage for what the author is trying to portray. Third person point of view has the ability to expose emotions for multiple characters. Third person seems to be beneficial for the author when it comes to the characterization. The son was a disturbed, depressed teenager, who desperately wanted a relationship with Pete. He clearly demonstrated this by being resentful when Pete did not come to visit, and asking “Do …show more content…
It seems that the stories main focus is on the couple, and the depression they both contain, yet will not reveal. The mother is described as a kind and selfless widow, who puts all her efforts into caring for her son. As a result of everything going on in her life, she lost her ambition and motivation to get herself ready. The mother felt that kind of effort was “ludicrous”, and “went out into the world like an Amish women” (chapter 2). Despite her attempts to obtain normalcy and bring her son back home, her efforts failed and she was left unfulfilled. Altogether, the third person narrative gives a wider perspective, and all of the characters thoughts and feelings are being
The mother begins to rebel against tradition by taking an active role in educating and freeing herself. Through her radio, telephone and trips out with her sons she develops her own opinions about the world, the war, and the domination and seclusion of woman. She loses her innocence as a result to her new knowledge and experience.
I find the narration of the story to be in third person, I didn’t quite understood to what capacity though. I did understand that from what point an individual was talking and that was someone else telling this families story.
“Sonny’s Blues” by James Baldwin and “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman are two stories that reveal the consequences of individual suffering. These consequences include estranging relationships, bitter behavior, and even illness, addiction, or death. Throughout each of these stories, Sonny and John’s wife, known as the narrator of “The Yellow Wallpaper”, continue to suffer due to John’s and Sonny’s brother’s, known as the narrator of “Sonny’s Blues”, failure to meet obligations and familial compassion. Neither the narrator in “Sonny’s Blues” nor the husband, John, in “The Yellow Wallpaper” serve as the villains of the stories, however, I believe we are able to see how both their inabilities to effectively
“Mother to Son” is about how the mother is very poor and gives advice to her son about life. For example, the mother mentions that the stairs had “tacks on it, splinters, boards that were torn up, and places with no carpet on the floor”(lines 3-6). The house is dark and the mother does not want her son to have a miserable life. Depression lets people down as it convinces the person
Things do not always happen how anyone expect them to. “ The Jilting of Granny Weatherall” written by Katherine Anne Porter, is told in third person (limited omniscient). It is about a woman on her deathbed. She realized the life she had lived as her family surrounded her. She talked about the serval times she had been jilted in her life, first by her husband-to-be and finally by death.
One indication of conflict is the cultural difference between the narrator and her mother. Her mother was born and lived her life in China, while the first-person narrator was born and raised in America. America is known as the land of opportunity and the land of dreams, which gave her mother the idea that the first-person narrator could be a prodigy. In other words, from the mother’s point of view, the narrator could be whatever she put her mind to. Her mother came
The plot of the story has the mother, the main character in the story explain the hardships she and her daughter endured while she worked including: sitters, daycares, illnesses, and travelling. She never doubted the love she had for her daughter but knew her experiences caused Emily to battle with depression. She explained her love for her daughter so passionately including how she despised leaving her with strangers for her to work. She expressed in detail how much her daughter missed her mother as well while she was away. It was an enormous transition for both of them. She continued to explain the difficulty of being without her daughter and having to send her daughter to stay with her abandoning husband’s family. How difficult to consistently relocate your baby to different places and strangers in order to assure she is safe and in the best care because you are working too much to
In the story the reader gets a feel for what Mollie is experiencing during her day as her husband Gerald. Charlotte Perkins Gilman does an amazing job getting her point across using the third-person limited omniscient point of view. At the end of the story Gerald is now conscious of new views and feelings about women that he never had before. Without Gilman’s use of the third-person limited omniscient point of view the reader wouldn’t have gotten that much out of the
The short story “Tiny, Smiling Daddy” by Mary Gaitskill is presented as a third person narrative. In this form of writing, the narrator is only observing the story and uses the main character's perspective to project the events. With only the perspective of the main character, Stew, there is a constraint with a limited knowledge point of view. The reader is only exposed to what Stew knows, observes, and on occasion, feels: “How could she have done this to him? She knew how he dreaded exposure of any kind. She knew how ashamed he had been when, at sixteen, she announced that she was lesbian.” (36-39). Gaitskill provides background memories from Stew’s perspective as well, which makes it even more skewed and subjective. His daughter Kitty, is the only Kitty that Stew envisions and nothing else.
The narrator and parent’s point of view are different in each story. Each story has their own point of view to it from the characters. For example, for the story Confetti Girl the narrators point of view is to not listen to her dad and she does not read. This story explained that the narrator does not want to listen to her dad and she wants to take the easy way out and not to read. Each story has their different point of view for the narrator and the parent. Both narrators point of view is to disagree with their parents and do what they want, and the parents point of view is that they need to do what is best for the family.
As a lifelong sufferer of abuse, the narrator finds himself coping with abuse in a variety of ways throughout different stages of life. While initially desperate for attention from his father, as he grows older he became overwhelmed by the repetition of the abuse believes the only way to liberate himself from this cycle is to die. Seeking control in his own life, the narrator’s father asserts his power and manipulates his son. However, his son’s loss of a desire to live because of these assertions of control means that he has lost one of his greatest means for satisfaction. The cycle of abuse satisfies no one, it never reaches an
Speaking in third person, the narrator focuses on multiple characters, that show the story threw different aspects. While giving insight on the characters’ thoughts and feelings, the author also talks about them as an observer. However, it was not an in-depth look at the emotions the characters were feeling. “In her world, this was the natural order of things. As a girl she was legal prey, especially if she was dressed in a worn black leather jacket and had pierced eyebrows, tattoos, and zero social status.” (Larsson 12) This quote shows the readers that the narrator does not completely focus on the mental state as much as the characters’ outside.
daughters relate their recollections of their childhood relationship to with their mothers. The third section of stories narrate the
“A Sorrowful Woman” features a superficially simple narration style. “Now the days were too short. She was always busy,” Stylistically clipped, with a clear passive, detached, voice the narration style seems to be a banal, unimportant feature of the text. Yet the exact mendacity that prompts this description actually serves as a prerequisite to developing an understanding for the principal character’s mindset, and consequently the theme of the text. The last passage contains numerous examples of detached narration but the clearest occurs when “She was always busy. She woke with the first bird. Worked till the sun set. No time for hair brushing. Her fingers raced the hours.” The concise, third person narration in this segment allows the reader to experience the slightly off viewpoint of ‘the mother.’ Specifically, given the lack of motivation present through the text coupled with the concluding suicide it becomes evident in the text that ‘the mother’ is suffering from depression. Given the societal stigma surrounding mental illness authors generally face an uphill
Moniker, an unemployed 34 year old male, has never been able to maintain consistent and deep relationships. For his whole life, he has lived with his mother, a la¬¬¬¬wyer who often traveled the country to argue high-profile cases that obtain much media coverage to the public. Because of the pressure for Moniker’s mother to succeed in these cases, limited attention was provided to him by his mother, especially during his childhood years. Moniker constantly blames his inability to acquire a job on his mother’s lack of affection in his formative years, and is asked by her to receive treatment in a therapeutic setting. All phrases in quotations are directly quoted from the client or the people interviewed about the client.