Reflection On Health Care Model

In this section of the NCTRC exam content outline I did not understand (A3) - concepts and models of health and human services (e.g., medical model, community model, education model, health and wellness model, person-centered care model, international classification of functioning, recovery model, and inclusion). According to the Medical Dictionary, the medical model puts emphasis on the disability using a problem-solving approach. It mainly focuses on the physical and biological aspects of the disease or illness. Medical care and treatment in a clinical setting can make it easier for the person to function and adapt to everyday life. This is considered the “cure” for the individual.

I am going to write a report assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the biomedical and socio-medical models of health.

According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) “health care fraud costs the country an estimated $80 billion dollars a year” ("Health Care Fraud," n.d., p. 1). Because health care costs continue to rise more rapidly than the rate of inflation the threat of health care fraud continues to rise. The Affordable Health Care Act has put new policies in place to identify and stop health care fraud. The FBI along with other government, insurance, and public agencies have joined together to combat fraud at every level. New rules in identifying, investigating, and prosecuting fraud before payments are made to medical providers could save billions of

For anyone who has kept up with the news, the US healthcare system has undergone major changes in recent years. Insurance providers are no longer able to deny someone coverage based on pre-existing conditions. The advent of healthcare marketplaces has changed the way people purchase health insurance. Children can stay on their parents' health insurance plans until 26. Leading the healthcare revolution is InnovaCare Health. This organization is a leading provider of Medicaid and Medicare Advantage plans. InnovaCare Health recently announced it would partner with the Health Care Payment Learning and Action Network. This is a significant private-public partnership that seeks to change compensation models to reflect the quality of care instead of quantity. This new partnership reflects InnovaCare Health's to affect change in compensation sooner rather than later. The current healthcare model focuses on reimbursing physicians based on the number of patients seen or procedures performed. This encourages "treadmill medicine," or a model that focuses on rapid turnover. This can often lead to detrimental effects on patient health. The new quality model would reward physicians based on practice targets. Potential goals include HbA1c goals for patients with diabetes, the percentage of patients who smoke, and hospital stay after surgical procedures.

By observing these areas, it is noticeable that the design of the program is in line with five health promotion actions under the Ottawa Charter. The first two working areas intends to “develop personal skills” because it promote the local community members to increase their level of political analysis on their health problems and possible solutions (Laverack & Labonte, 2008a). The third area addresses to “strengthen community action” by empowering the community members to have ownership and control of their own endeavours and destinies (WHO, 2015). The fourth area is to “build healthy public policy” in joint action with the government and local community to achieve the health equity among groups (Laverack & Labonte, 2008a). The fifth area aims to “create supportive environments” by making healthy and easy choices in numerous settings in which people are spending much of their daily activities (Laverack & Labonte, 2008b). The last two areas are in line with the action to “reorient health services” because the program contributes resources for engaging the health workforce and better understanding on the roles of health system to improve population health (Laverack & Labonte, 2008b).

According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights announced by the United Nations in 1948, “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.”[1] The definition of a health care system has been dynamic and progressive throughout the course of human history. It can be defined at both macro and microscopic levels of analysis and the system can vary substantially between different countries, political systems, societies, cultures, socio-economic classes, groups, families, and individuals.[2] As a system, there are many unique and interconnected segments that integrate together to serve a collective goal of maintaining the health & well-being of the people. This is most typically accomplished through a combination of preventative, reactive, and follow-up care.[3] Health systems are culturally influenced, and can be sub-divided into three main categories, which include the professional (academic, or scientific formal school training), popular (individual, family and community based approach), and folk sectors (non-profession healing specialists).[2] In this paper, a health care

Around the globe, there are countless health care problems such as, malnutrition, HIV/AIDS, heart disease, cancer, and violence, and there is no one method or technique that will bring relief to all the afflicted. Health care workers must first identify the root causes of the problems before they can properly find solutions, interventions, and preventions. Therefore, it is essential that health care administration students learn how to analyze the nature and causes of major healthcare problems.

President Obama talked about several things that he already had accomplished while he was in office. One that stood out to me was he reformed health care. I have mixed feelings about this. In some ways, I think it was good because when you take your children to the doctor for a physical or shots you do not have to pay your co-pay. Also when a woman goes in for her well woman exam she does not have to pay a co-pay either. I think this has helped a lot of families since this was changed. The thing I don’t like about the reformed health care is that now the cost of insurance has increased, and it is now required that all Americans have healthcare or you have to pay a penalty. Another item he stated that he accomplished was making our economy stronger.

Williams, S.J., & Torrens, P.R. (2008). Introduction to Health Services (Seventh ed.). Retrieved from https://www.betheluniversityonline.net/cps/default.aspx?SectionID=5155&tabid=154#2

Today’s healthcare model is evolving toward a more holistic approach where every touchpoint with our patients is critical. It should be patient-centered solutions, which promotes better outcomes and preventive measures on how to support their needs. Most importantly, it is how we activate a human-to-human interaction using our voice and knowledge when we connect with them.

As nurse practitioners many of us are unaware of how federal policies will affect our practice and provision of primary care. With the passing of the ACA in March, 2010 it has been projected that millions of more people will have access to health care resulting in a huge increase for primary care visits. With the increased access to healthcare there is more of a projected shortage of primary care providers hence the need for the APRN. However, obstacles exist that impede nurse practitioners from practicing to the maximum capacity of their education and license (Brooks Carthon, Barnes, & Altares Sarik, 2015).

This model is essentially a circle with five rings, the first ring being a circle at the center. The center circle is labeled as “Innate individual traits: age, gender, race, and biological factors” (Turnock 2016, p. 13). When thinking about public health and how to help the people, it is necessary to think about how a person is influenced by their surroundings and themselves. For example, are they getting clean water and eating the right food? Are they in a good community or bad community? Has any of their previous family members had any type of serious diseases? And so on. In the molded, the center circle is referring to the category that the individual falls under. How old is this person, the gender, race, and if there are any biological factors that affect health. The second ring is “Individual Behavior.” How do individuals act towards himself? This can be inferred as what the individual does in order to stay health. Then on the third ring, what are the family, friend, and community contributions to the individual’s lifestyle? The fourth and fifth ring are living and working conditions, and how does the state or local policies affect their lives. With this model, public health workers are able to decide what they can do to assist with the individual and also how to gather data in order to have the state or government step in to further provide health

The model and theories that I see that benefits public health, and fall closely into my own personal viewpoint would be the Pathways to care approach. Pathway to care theory based on two general systems of care in the United States, which are biomedical and holistic approach. According to GCU Multicultual Health Book ( 2016), “The theory of illness with which a person identifies has an impact on where he or sheseeks care. Within the United States there are two general systems of care to choosefrom: the biomedical (allopathic) approach and the holistic approach. The biomedicalapproach is often viewed as being scientific and focuses more on the physical compo-nents of illness than on the social aspects. Holistic medicine is viewed by some as

This class has taught me a lot, I was not sure if I was really to be part of the health care system. It always appeared to me as a very stressful and difficult field, but now I am convinced that it is worth the sacrifice. Additionally, knowing that the need for health care professionals continuous growing makes me feel more secure about my future on my health care career; I have decided to pursue a carrier in this field because careers in health care can be great sources of satisfaction (Mitchell and Haroun, 2012). Health care professionals perform valuable services that make significant contribution to the community; I decided to become a physical therapist assistant for the reason that it makes me feel helpful (Mitchell and Haroun, 2012).

Every individual deserves to receive compassionate, safe and quality care regardless of race, age, gender or income. The focus on patient centered care is essential in every community. Every patient and family member deserves equal treatment. The Community Health Field Experience course work was an eye opening experience, the research and each interview I experience. The education of the lower income individuals is lacking, education is essential, every community member should receive the educational information needed in preventative medicine not only for my topic of obesity but in healthcare in general. Education should start in childhood and continue through-out life. The Community Health and Population Field course enabled me to look