Refractive Error

The records have been reviewed. The member is an adult male with a birth date of 05/16/1973. He has a diagnosis of bilateral degenerative myopia. His treating provider, Amy Camarota, OD, recommended treatment options on 03/18/2016, one of which was scleral lenses, which the member opted and paid for on 04/01/2016.

My inspiration for wanting to become an optometrist was jump-started by my aunt Rosemary. My aunt suffers from dry macular degeneration, and she first started losing her eyesight when I was about five years old. I have always been close to her, and I have seen her vision deteriorate. Today she can see peripherally. I have watched as she lost her driving privileges and was forced into an early retirement. I always viewed my aunt's condition without an appreciation of how lucky I truly was to have normal vision. However, In the summer of 2002 I visited an optometrist for the first time. Since that first visit to the optometrist 13 years ago, my eyesight has drastically deteriorated. I currently have a correction factor of -7.25 in my right eye, and a correction factor of -8.0 in my left eye. My vision has stabilized, but my high correction power, coupled with observing my aunt's macular degeneration, allowed me to understand that the gift of vision may not be an everlasting gift. I want to do my best to help people make the best of what may not be an enduring attribute of their lives.

Glaucoma is a common and important health problem. It is one of the leading causes of blindness in Western Society (Hoskins & Kass, 1989). It is responsible for ten percent of all blindness in the United States and continues to be the second or third most common cause of blindness in the world (Bunce, Fraser, & Wormald, 1999). It is estimated that two million people in the United States have been diagnosed as having glaucoma. Glaucoma is known to affect about two percent of Caucasians beginning at the age of 40 with an increasing risk for those over the age of 60. This risk is especially high if a member of the family has glaucoma or diabetes. Further, there is a higher risk of a glaucoma diagnosis for African Americans

Like many diseases, Open-Angle Glaucoma is very similar to other non-communicable disease, such as diabetes, where the disease causes damage prior to any observable signs or symptoms show. An early diagnosis and treatment for Open-Angle Glaucoma is critical to reserve any remaining vision. Open-Angle Glaucoma can be prevented, however, visual loss from glaucoma cannot be reversed.  “As of 2011, over 2.7 million individuals are estimated to have primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in the United States, a number projected to increase to 7.3 million by 2050.” (Zebardast, N., Solus, J. F., Quigley, H. A., Srikumaran, D., & Ramulu, P.

Importantly, findings demonstrate the potential plasticity of the adult brain beyond the hypothesised critical period for visual development, Tailor et al., (2016), Nancy (2015). Critically, binocular treatments are producing encouraging improvements among adult amblyopes Vedamurthy, Nahum, Bavelier and Levi (2015), Li et al., (2013), posing important implications for clinical practice. The aim of this essay is to explain amblyopia with reference to ‘strabismus and anisometropia’. To discuss traditional methods and newly developed binocular treatments that aim to address the binocular dysfunction of the amblyopic brain.

Vistakon plans to focus on contact lens wearers who are occasional users, have medical issues with conventional contacts, find contacts uncomfortable or would prefer a more disposable lens (Ex. 15). During the clinical trial, the 1 Day lens was shown to reduce ocular complications in comparison with traditional replacement lenses (p.10). This suggests that 1 Day might appeal to consumers who have been subject to ocular complications in the past. There is also extensive data supporting the idea that Vistakon should target consumers who exclusively wear glasses. In the Western Launch, 18% of 1 Day users were contact lens dropouts and 12% had never worn contacts (Ex. 19). This shows that Vistakon has an opportunity to access the 117 million consumers who exclusively wear eyeglasses (Ex.

In today’s society, a career in the field of ophthalmology is an extremely important one, just as it has been through the centuries. A specific field of ophthalmology is optometry. Optometry is the diagnosis of the eyes and the correction of basic vision without surgery. Without Optometry, the world would not be able to see, possibly causing more accidents in the work force . According to the Vision Council of America, approximately 75% of adults use some sort of vision correction. In addition ,an Optometrist’s mission is to correct eyesight whether it is farsighted or nearsighted. Optometrists also diagnose diseases which they then recommend patients to a specialists, although optometry has a high education level, lots of certification tests

Currently, the treatment option chosen was to fully correct any uncorrected refractive error, and then to prescribe a near add1,2. The full distance refraction was prescribed to eliminate her distance blur. At near, an add was prescribed as a supportive lens to relieve the accommodative demand placed on her visual system when undergoing near viewing2. It also decreases the extent of blur on the retina to a degree that it

The study done by these researchers proved that timely surgery can be beneficial to the vision of individuals who suffer from congenital cataracts. They analyzed results from the aftermath of eye surgery there was a small improvement to most of the individuals’ vision. There were various individuals’ whose vision was not corrected and in fact was worsened. The children at the time were around 11 years old, so it was concluded that some of the children had had the disease for too long for it to be corrected. This underlines the significance of discovering and treating congenital cataracts at a young age, preferably as an infant. Most developing countries are still aiming to improve their health care and avoiding the consequences of congenital cataracts, yet they are in trouble with nearly 30% of health professions in Africa and Asia plan to migrate to a different country (Lenhart, 2016). In Lenhart’s research article, he concludes that most troubles these developing countries have roots from financial struggles. These financial struggles lead to poor resources within the countries. These developing countries do not even have the machinery to detect eye diseases in children, such as the red reflex screening. Without these tests, infants are left with a preventable disease

Amblyopia is a common visual disorder that caused by abnormal neural development in the childhood usually due to anisometropia, strabismus, cataract or combination of them. Amblyopia leads to many monocular and binocular problems with the affected eye such as impaired visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, motion perception, excessive crowding and impaired or absence of stereopsis. In critical period the visual acuity deficit linked with amblyopia can be treated monocularly by correcting the refractive error using glasses and then encourage use of the amblyopic eye either by occluding (patching) or punishment (with atropine cycloplegia) the non-amblyopic eye. They are effective method but residual monocular and binocular visual impairments may remain after patching and/or atropine therapy. Treatment of teenager and adult is something argumentatively. Study shows that conventional treatment can be effective in teenager and using techniques such as monocular perceptual learning may improve the visual function in adults with

Although the procedure is an efficient method to correct eyesight, there are many controversial topics surrounding the conduction of the surgery and debates on whether the procedure would need to be limited in clinics and hospitals due to the health risks. After the surgery there is around 5% chance of experiencing long term and permanent side effects and 0.37% of blindness (Wachler, 2016). In Britain, an estimate of 15,000 people undergo LASIK each year (Wachler, 2016), meaning that around 750 people each year in Britain will experience the long term issues of LASIK and 55 will be blinded or severely injured. While several clinics offer the opportunity to provide LASIK surgery, the consultation processes often omit the risks and side effects in detail which can encourage the desire to undergo surgery (Squire, 2010). The main causes of the issue occur due to poor judgement of the surgeon during the consultation process when diagnosing for suitability for the surgery. The process for diagnosing the suitability for patients to undergo LASIK surgery include many factors and requirements which will be identified by the surgeon during the consultation process. The thickness of the cornea, diameter of pupils, refractive error, and health can all effect the likelihood of risk during the process when the ultraviolet laser will instead cause defects and degeneration. Therefore, because of the information gathered, laser eye surgery should be considered to enforce a harsher guideline to the qualifications and requirements to undergo the procedure to reduce the risk of side effects and permanent

With no treatment needed, glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, while simultaneously being the number one leading cause in Africa (Glaucoma Research Foundation). According to the American Optometric Association, “Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases causing optic nerve damage. The optic nerve carries images from the retina, which is the specialized light sensing tissue, to the brain so we can see.” They go on to say that when

Vision challenge or impairment is when a person’s degree of seeing is very low and the affected person requires assistance in order to carry out daily routine. Significantly, for one to qualify as visually impaired there must be prove that a person cannot undertake duties by himself without necessary assistance. For a person to qualify as a visually challenged, there must be a prove that the affected eyes cannot be conventionally treated. Visual challenge cannot be corrected by surgery, refractive measures neither by medication and that is why it is termed as visual impairment. The most rampart causes of visual challenge are trauma, degenerative or congenital means and a variety of diseases. In the society,

Aravind Case Study Introduction In a country plagued by curable and needless blindness, 58 year-old surgeon Dr. Govindappa Venkataswamy recognized upon retirement that his 100,000 sight-restoring surgeries were not enough of an impact to fight blindness in India and cure the 12 million people affected by it. With a big dream, but no money, no business plan, and no safety net, he embarked on a journey to start an organization with a single purpose in mind: to give sight for all. Starting with a small 11-bed clinic, he went on to create the Aravind Eye Care System, today’s largest and most productive blindness-prevention organization on the planet, which sees more than 2.5 million patients a year. With the success that

Introduction The version is one of the window for people to get sources form this beautiful magical world. The most of people may think version is the most important sense of the human five important sense. As we all know, eyes in the organ for people to see the world and the eyeball is the particular important part of the eye. Lens is the key inside the eyeball and play a very important role in the version system. Without the sight, you may feel lost a half of the world. 1 So protecting eyes is very important in our daily life care. They are many categories of the eye problem—myopia, hyperopia and presbyopia. Nowadays, the most serious problem in Asia is myopia. This problem has become more and more attraction from the teenager’s parents because that may do some influence to their children’s study and health. The percentage of the myopia between the teenagers in china is up to 90% (McGrath, 2012). Hyperopia normal is a born to