Relation Between Sarcopenia And Functional Disabilities And Increase Risk Of Falls Essay

Changes due to the aging process also need to be addressed. Calcium reabsorption increases especially in women after the menopause, this decreases bone density. Lean tissue decreases as fat increases with age; there is also a decline in the percentage of body water meaning that body temperature is more difficult to control. Thirst decline and decreased renal function means that older people can become dehydrated (Copeman 1999). The function of the bowel reduces, meaning that the elderly are more susceptible to indigestion and constipation. The risk of constipation is also increased with Parkinson’s disease (Parkinson’s UK 2011). The final consideration is the deterioration of the sensory system. Taste, smell, vison, pain and touch all decline meaning that food may not be as appealing (Copeman 1999).

Individual factors were found to be a predictor of functional limitation and frailty in older adults. Several studies showed that personal characteristics, such as ethnicity, female gender and age (Espinoza & Hazuda, 2015), gene (Interleukin-18 gene) (Mekli, Marshall, Nazroo, Vanhoutte, & Pendleton, 2015), education and health status, demonstrated an association with frailty (Chang et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2014; Fried et al., 2001; Mitnitski et al., 2015; Tocchi, 2015). Furthermore, it is clear that comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM), stroke, hip fracture, history of coronary heart disease (CHD) and arthritis significantly increase the risk of frailty (Ambrose, Cruz, & Paul, 2015; Zaslavsky et al., 2013).

The widespread falls among the geriatric population reduce their quality of life and take away their functional independence. Lee et al (2013) state that falls leads to the rise in mortality rates and morbidity complications such as fractures and disabilities,1 out of 3 elderly persons in a community setting falls in a year. About 87% of all fractures in the elderly are due to falls. Several of the risk factors that are associated with falls are visual impairments, cognitive impairments, and health-related problems: arthritis, orthostatic, back pains, lack of balance-weakening muscles, previous falls, polypharmacy or psychoactive drugs (Lee et al, 2013).

This article addresses an important issue on how to develop frailty assessment tools in older adults with musculoskeletal disorders. Why is this topic more essential? Frailty has found in various fields of chronic diseases not only in musculoskeletal disorders. I am interested in frailty; however, it is tricky to determine who present frail in older adults having physical function limitation. Therefore, the different among physical function limitation, immobility, and frailty are still hard to justification. For example, older adults having secondary or third osteoarthritis always presents with severe pain at the knee joint. This pain also interferes his/her physical function. The more joints movement, the greater pain emerge. Reducing severe

This component can also be linked in with the third component of muscular endurance, with age this factor is often limited by lack of muscular strength due to shorter bouts of exercise being performed.

Q has reached maximum body growth and biological aging or senescence has begun. Biological ageing is “genetically influenced declines in the functioning of organs and systems that are universal in all members of our species” (Berk, 2010, p. 432). Q exercises daily but he admits that he doesn’t eat a healthy diet all the time. “Regular moderate to

Falls are highly common amongst the elderly, particularly those who lack mobility, are in hospital, or are living in a nursing home. When an elderly person falls, their activities of daily living may be impacted due to injuries sustained from the fall. It is essential that precautions are put in place to prevent falls in all settings. This essay will discuss the statistics surrounding falls, prevention strategies, and the impacts of a fall on a patient’s ability to complete activities of daily living.

Many of the injuries suffered by older adults are serious and can lead to a significant impact on quality of life (CDC, 2012). For example, 45% of the fatal falls in 2000 involved a traumatic brain injury. Falling is also the primary cause of hip fractures (95%) and in 2009 afflicted 271,000 Americans. Three fourths of these hip fractures were suffered by women. Of those who do fall, including those who sustain no serious injuries, their vitality can suffer due to self-imposed physical restrictions. Muscles can atrophy and mental health can suffer due to a lack of social activities.

Frailty is a common clinical syndrome in older persons that carries an increased risk of poor health outcomes. Frailty has been described as “a physiologic state of increased vulnerability to stressors that decrease physiologic reservoirs, resulting from aging and decrease function of multiple physiologic organs (1). The overall prevalence of frailty in USA community dwelling aged 65 or older in the United States ranges 7-12%. The prevalence of frailty increased with age from 3.9% in the 65-74 age group to 25% in the 85+group, and was greater in women than men (8% vs. 5%) (2).

Falls are triggered by multifaceted factors with numerous dangers that include either long or short term influencing factors. The connections between these factors may be altered by the person?s age, ailments, illnesses, diagnoses such as Parkinson?s, stroke, diabetes mellitus and arthritis, or their surroundings. The major fall risk factors for elderly include their advancing age, loss of muscle strength, unsteady gait, impaired balance, incontinence of bowel or bladder, depression, cognitive impairment, due to

I have enjoyed reading your post, Laney. As you have stated, the musculoskeletal system goes through many changes due to aging. As we age, we lose muscle mass and bone density. Sarcopenia is one of the most common age related conditions that affect the musculoskeletal system. Sarcopenia refers to the decline in muscle mass that is related to aging. This condition can lead to weakness of the muscles and decreased tolerance to exercising. The lost muscle mass is usually replaced by fatty tissue. This leads to falls and unstable gait. Therefore, a teaching plan for the elderly should include information about the importance of physical activity. The teaching plan should also include information about adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D to

My client is at a fruitful age of 50 that is taking a toll on their actively level. She has experienced a decrease in muscle mass. This causes imbalance making it difficult to perform certain exercises.

Aging of the population is a worldwide phenomenon that is accompanied by a series of modifications to several physiological parameters, such as a progressive increase in fat mass and a decrease in lean body mass. However, these alterations are not linear and must be constantly monitored.In elderly individuals, changes in body composition result in the prevalence of overweight and obesity combined with a loss of muscle mass and strength; this has recently been defined as sarcopenic obesity.Sarcopenic obesity is associated with functional limitations and increased mortality.The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and its association with obesity and sarcopenia in elderly Brazilian women. Two hundred

As individuals age changes occur physiologically that are part of normal aging. These changes occur in all organ systems and can impact an individual’s quality of life. The changes related to aging can be attributed to an individual’s genetic make up, lifestyle, physical activity, and dietary lifestyle. Being able to differentiate between normal changes in aging against disease process is important because it can help clinicians develop a plan of care (Boltz, Capezuti, Fulmer, & Zwicker, 2012). Creating an accurate plan of care for older adults will greatly impact their quality of life.

Fried’s Frailty Index is the original tool which was modified for specific purposes. Fried’s Frailty Index have five domains for measuring frailty: shrinking, exhaustion, slowness, weakness, and physical activity. Scores ranged from 0- 5. The score 0 is robust (not frail), score 1-2 is pre-frail, and the score of 3 or greater is frailty (Kistler et al., 2015; Kua et al.,