Relations Between Turkey and America Essay

1947: Truman Doctrine: The Truman Doctrine was one of the policies under President Truman’s “Containment Policy.” In the Doctrine, he requested $400 million to bolster forces in eastern Europe to defend against Communism. Congress agrees and passes the doctrine. Dean Acheson, who was the Secretary of State at the time, argued that the fall of a Communist country will have a “domino” effect on the neighboring countries, and they need to be properly prepared for such a situation. As result of this policy, the US became the “global

As stated before the Truman Doctrine was a pivotal point in United States foreign policy. Such a policy has its advantages and disadvantages. The major advantage of that time was that the United States stepped in and help an economically strapped Europe and not let them fall under the domination of a single, hostile state. With Britain withdrawing aid to Greece and Turkey if the United States did not implement the Truman Doctrine, Stalin could have easily became a communist influence on those countries. Another advantage of the Truman Doctrine was that is transform America from being isolationist. Getting involved in the affairs of other countries to contain communism had a major

Truman gave the Truman Doctrine. The United States was the only country that could act to keep Russia out of Greece and Turkey, they were in danger of a dictatorial system of government forced on them , as Truman himself said, “...by direct or indirect aggression, [which would] undermine the foundations of international peace and hence the security of the United States.” (Truman) Therefore “... it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressure.” (Truman) This very well explains why it was important for the United States to get involved, and gives the reason for the Truman Doctrine be. Truman wanted to gain congressional approval and public support for supporting Greek and Turkish independence. He thought that the support should be mostly through economic and financial aid, but he wanted to keep costs downs so as not to provoke the Soviets into an aggressive response, so he asked congress to use $400 million to assist them. The money to assist Greece and Turkey was approved by legislation, on 22 May 1947, just two months after the doctrine was given. Dwight P. Griswold was appointed to administer the program of assisting Greece and he was able to stabilise greek affairs by September of 1948. Turkey wasn’t in as bod of an economic crisis, and it was also out of danger by 1948. As Donald McCoy

The foreign policy of the United States can be defined as a labyrinth- a set of complex intricacies which either lack comprehension or are characterized by meticulous thought. Established during a period of ideological warfare and domestic hysteria, it is evident the Truman Doctrine was conceived with a disregard for the future stability of American international affairs. Engulfed within a period marked by massive power struggles and distorted accusations, the Truman Doctrine may appear minimal in regard to alterations of the United States international attitude. However, the Doctrine acted as a catalyst for the shift in America’s foreign policy objectives and vision. It is clear the Truman Doctrine produced detrimental consequences in regard to the international policy of the United States, stability of foreign countries, and continuing repercussions in the modern day.

The Modernization efforts undertaken by the leadership of Iran and Turkey after World War I share numerous similarities across ideological, and social lines. Both countries shared and benefitted from strong social identities, and resistance to outside influence. While these countries were unified using comparable methods, they were also exploited to further the individual goals of both countries? respective leaders.

The recent occurrences such as the 11th September 2001, epitomized the important exogenous watershed which influenced the American Government’s foreign policy decision- making. Apart from the exogenous dynamics which have made the bulk of judgments in the policy of U.S. foreign matters, there is also American government endogenous aspects. The elements include the Legislative body, the president, the public opinion Americans, and the bureaucracy which greatly influence the decision making concerning the foreign policy (Peterson, 1994).

The Truman Doctrine, effectively change U.S. foreign policy (Woolsey, G. C. 2008). U.S initially adopted the policy to remove themselves from regional conflicts not involving the United States directly, or from possible intervening in distant conflicts.

America has a very rich history when it comes to domestic policies, socioeconomic conditions and culture. The domestic policies, socioeconomics conditions and culture affect all aspect of American peoples’ lives. They shape and define the people identity. However, as world progressed these factors of life began to change taking the modernity culture and some of them began taking different aspects. Despite that fact, there are correlations that exist between the current American domestic policies, socioeconomic conditions, and culture with the early 20th Century American involvement overseas. The essay will take a look at the

The introduction of the Truman Doctrine in March 1947 by President Harry S. Truman was an outline for the basic foreign policy that America would use against Communism and the Soviet Union for nearly four decades. While President Truman assumed office while inexperienced in global affairs, the doctrine demonstrated his firm stewardship on foreign policy. The doctrine, which was eventually adopted as an international relations policy, was introduced in a speech regarding intentions of the country to help Turkey and Greece with military and economic support for them to avoid falling into the Soviet sphere. The main goal of the doctrine was to help free individuals who were opposing initiatives by armed minorities towards suppression. In addition to containing military and economic concepts, Truman Doctrine symbolized the role of the United States in demonstrating global leadership in post-World War II era. As a result, the doctrine ended up playing a crucial role in the then regional and international affairs during the Cold War.

The Truman Doctrine was the impetus for the change in United States foreign policy, from isolationist to internationalists; thus we were drawn into two wars of containment and into world affairs. The Truman Doctrine led to a major change in U.S. foreign policy from its inception - aid to Turkey and Greece - to its indirect influence in Korea and Vietnam. The aftermath of World War II inspired the U.S.

This buffer zone would include smaller countries such as Hungary and Czechoslovakia that border the Soviet Union. These small countries would become satellite countries for the Soviet Union and thus be under Soviet rule. Stalin wanted this buffer zone to act as a defensive area against any future attacks on the Soviet state. With the spread of Soviet rule through these satellite countries of Eastern Europe, and the Soviet Union splitting off after heavily disagreeing with the allied powers at the meetings of Potsdam and Yalta, this created a divided nation. The end result was a Soviet controlled east and a Pax Americana west, creating the figurative Iron Curtain separating Europe.

In early October, the arrest of a Turkish employee at the U.S. consulate in Istanbul prompted Washington to take an unprecedented, retaliatory measure. The U.S. announced it would suspend non-immigrant services to Turkey, its NATO ally of more than sixty years. Turkey responded in kind. While the crisis has recently been partially diffused, the spat has been called the lowest point in Turkey-U.S. relations. Yet the two governments have had their difficulties before. As a CFR task force described in a 2012 report, “a mythology surrounds U.S.-Turkey relations, suggesting that Washington and Ankara have, through six decades, worked closely and with little friction.” While the overarching relationship has

Beginning with the strengths and weakness of the EU- Turkey relations, According to Adam (2012), ‘‘The key of Turkey’s success in foreign policy lies in its ability to take full advantage of unique opportunities and deal with specific threats posed by its strategic location at the intersection of Europe, Asia and Africa, and its historic and cultural ties with the Balkans, the Middle East, and the Caucasus’’ (p. 140). To put it another way, Turkey gets political and economic benefits its geographical location. Hence it has acquired opportunistic approach in order to reinforce its position in the global struggle for power. As pointed out by Cengiz Aktar (2012), ‘‘Government of Turkey is proudly and pretentiously becoming a self-declared regional power with no need of the EU

The direction of Turkey’s foreign policy has shaped by many factors and geopolitics defiantly played an important part in it. Turkey’s foreign policies during the cold war are the product of westernization and the democratic reforms of the 1930s. Thus, the Cold War’s atmosphere had forced Turkey to make a choice between the East and the West (CITATION). Since the reform Turkey’s foreign policy was mostly western oriented therefore Turkey decide to side by the west and became a member of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1952. However, NATO’s reaction over the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Cyprus conflict, made Turkey questioned the accountability of its American allies far across the ocean. Therefore, Turkey stated to improve foreign relations and build economic and political ties with the Eastern bloc and neighboring Islamic countries. This was not an axis shift in Turkish foreign policy, but a multidimensional policy with a more proactive, practical and cooperative approach(citation).

In the past Turkey has had a lot of dealings with the European Union in order to join the Union and officially be a part of Europe. Relations between the state and an intergovernmental have been fairly long and drawn out as Turkey had tried to join the European Union.  As they have jumped through hoops to become a member of Europe certain human rights and democratic rule issues came up that stalled the progress on integration into the Union. Although many attempts to reach out to the other side has been made there has some but little progress that has been made to integrate Turkey into the European Union. Further complications arose when a coup attempt occurred mid July led by a group believed to be Islamist Insurgents. On top of this attempted coup coup, the government in the eyes of the Union are abusing their power by using the coup to oust any political rivals. Integration into the European way of life may be stalled even longer with the recent occurrences and lack of ethics.