Relationship Between Job Accessibility And Labor Market Outcomes

Pima County is “better than 42% of countries” in upward mobility for poor girls (“The Best and Worst Places to Grow Up”, 2015). Living in Pima County as a poor boy is worse than living as a poor girl (“The Best and Worst Places to Grow Up”, 2015). Living in Pima County takes away only $10 from a poor girls income while it takes $5,650 from a poor boys income (“The Best and Worst Places to Grow Up”, 2015). The article states that “Across the country, the researchers found five factors associated with strong upward mobility: less segregation by income and race, lower levels of income inequality, better schools, lower rates of violent crime, and a larger share of two-parent households” (“The Best and Worst Places to Grow Up”, 2015). In my area Santa Cruz County is the best county to grow up in for upward mobility but Pima County is the best county to grow up in for upward mobility for girls (“The Best and Worst Places to Grow Up”, 2015). The tool was used with the income of the 25th percentile and the study used the incomes of children between the 1980s and 1990s (“The Best and Worst Places to Grow Up”, 2015). I learned that “Manhattan ranks among the worst counties in the country for girls from lower-income families” (“The Best and Worst Places to Grow Up”,

One of the most prevalent forms of discrimination is through housing. While modern discrimination is typically difficult to figure out the exact intentions of the person accused of discrimination, such as a boss not choosing a minority to fill a management role, discrimination in housing has continued to be more obvious. The reason why housing is so important is because where a person lives dictates the school the resident’s children go to, the infrastructure such as hospitals, parks and libraries, and also availability of employment. Many of the housing inequalities have been caused by the Federal government such as the national appraisal system and subsidizing suburban areas, and not enforcing abolishing restricted covenants.

Gary Orfield a professor of Education, Law, Political Science and Urban Planning at the University of California Los Angeles states in the book “Closing the Opportunity Gap”, chapter four of “Housing Segregation Produces Unequal Schools”, “Educational opportunity is directly and deeply connected with housing segregated neighborhoods linked to segregated schools produce unequal education. Where a family lives generally determines the quality of the schools its children attend” (Orfield 40). In many cases minorities attend schools that are generally linked to segregated schools because their

They considered other factors that may lie in those numbers. In this case, where crime is prominent they account that people try to seek protection of themselves and their possessions. Likewise, those who are disadvantaged, lead to more frequently to commit property and other crimes to satisfy wants and desires (Crutchfield 27). From this, one can simply conclude that people living in such conditions are trying to survive. With this in mind, residential segregation is more focused on African Americans. This is in part because of a history of unequal opportunities in the job market, education, and housing for disadvantaged African Americans. It is especially true when more prosperous African Americans manage to leave ghettos, the disadvantaged African Americans are in a more concentrated poverty (Crutchfield 26). Furthermore, Crutchfield adds in his article a study conducted in Mercer Sullivan's Getting Paid that job opportunities are influenced by neighborhood characteristics: work prospects in the area, available networks, and the linkage between the employment of adults and where they worked (30). In addition to that, in 2003, Devah Pager looked into how incarceration can affect employment to understand how class is linked to race. She concludes that African American men without a criminal record were less successful in landing an interview than whites with a record,

The racial segregation between Worcester Metropolitan area and the Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY metropolitan area is very similar. For both of the area, it shows that White-Black, White-Hispanic, White-Asian, Black-Asian, and Hispanic-Asian have a moderate level of segregation. Black-Hispanic have a low moderate level of segregation in both of the areas. The segregation of poverty and of affluence is greater in the Worcester Metropolitan area than it is in the Albany-Schenectady-troy, NY Metropolitan area.

Social mobility is a measure of how children’s social and economic position in adulthood compare to that of their parents. A major factor that many people believe can impact social mobility is education. However, I believe the impact of education is largely determined by the quality of education, which today is determined by where you live. Therefore, systems that discriminate against certain individuals based their neighborhood, largely impact their ability to obtain a good education, and as a result limit the extent of their social mobility. An example of this is redlining, coined by sociologist John McKnight, to describe a discriminatory practice, by which banks and insurance companies refuse loans to certain people based on where they live, because the geographic area is deemed as poor or financially risky. The areas they refused to invest in were predominantly neighborhoods of color, marked by redline separating the areas that were okay to invest in from neighborhoods that were “risky”. The implications of this system reinforced a cycle of decline in these areas due to business’s inability to prosper as a result of being blocked from obtaining loans. I want to make it clear that the system of redlining that I am describing is still alive and well in the present day, but takes on a slightly different form due to technology. In this paper, I will examine educational-redlining, as a means of social immobility to explore the relationship between the sociological concepts

Answer:-Euclidean median or median center is the location which minimizes/reduces the sum of Euclidean distances from all other points present in a spatial distribution to that central point. Mathematically this locations minimizes/reduces the sum and is calculated by Pythagorean Theorem. Most important use of Euclidean median in Geography are public and private facility location. In facility location the main goal is to reduce the average distance travelled per person to reach a designated facility. Euclidean median is actually the location which reduces/minimizes your transportation costs.

” Over 52% of blacks and 21% whites reside in central city neighborhoods” (Squires &Kubrin,

When looking at the data I see that the structure of the area is leaving some groups below others and having opportunities that others don’t. Especially when looking at the area of education people of the White race are attaining degrees and a much higher rate than individuals of Hispanic or African American races. This lack of educational attainment is giving the two races that are achieving degrees’ higher chances of advancing further in the social structure. This could be because people of those races not are bringing in the income that the others are. The very reason of education could be the cause of these people not bringing in the income they need to attain the degrees or jobs they wish to hold. Another area of inequality is the issue with housing in the area. Individuals are renting at a greater percent meaning with lack of income they are not able to purchase a house, in turn renting

Holding income constant, however, large differences between the groups' skills could reduce segregation. As the less skilled groups try to move into the "good" neighborhoods to experience some of the beneficial externalities that come as a result of living near the more skilled

The authors rephrased 2nd paragraph on page 3 to clarify authors point of view, as recommended (page … lines …).

The new study found that the poor families of the program that chose to move to better low poverty areas inadvertently give their children extremely better odds of escaping poverty. While families that chose to stay in high poverty areas like the city of Baltimore, for example have a very low chance of escaping poverty. The families who continue to live in high poverty areas become victims of income inequality and become frustrated that they are stuck in a rat race of life, they are also anxious about getting ahead and working hard to make a change in their family’s life. Poor families living in wealthier jurisdictions endure the loss of upward mobility in the form of earnings. Ethnicity also plays a large factor in upward mobility.

(P. 196).

However, the company expects that its sales will grow 25 percent annually for the next five years. As illustrated in Table 1 the demand after 5 years will be approx.

At the end of 2012 the National Unemployment Rate was 7.8% (“Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey”) and employers were struck with the daunting task of filling 3.6 million job openings (Smith.) In an article for Forbes on the subject of the daunting prospect of the job search, Jacquelyn Smith shares this startling fact: “The average number of people who apply for any given job: 118.” With the downturn in the economy in recent years, candidates for any given job can include inexperienced job seekers, seasoned competitive candidates, and even those who are looking to start their second or third career. The job market is flooded. Employers are overwhelmed by the sheer number of applicants, sometimes willing to compromise