Relationship Between Lactate Threshold, Obla, Vo2 Max and 5k Running Performance

The relationship between the principles of training and physiological adaptations has a significant impact on performance. Many factors need to be addressed in a training program to make it a successful one for a particular athlete and thus improve their performance.

Muscular hypertrophy occurs through anaerobic training and also causes an increase in lactate tolerance since the lactate produced is less concentrated enabling athletes to tolerate increased amounts. The greater extent of muscular hypertrophy and therefore lactate tolerance in males compared to females is evident in the greater number of attacking efforts performed by them whilst on field. During the 20 minutes of the game spent on field, males performed 88.5 attacking skills (approximately 4.43 maximal efforts per minute), while females performed 76.4 attacking skills (3.82 per minute) (Appendix 2). Due to insufficient recovery of CP, the anaerobic glycolysis system would have been dominant for these efforts. Males can tolerate more lactate hence perform more efforts. Furthermore, males had a higher average of 15.40 seconds in the speed endurance test compared to 17.19 seconds for females, indicating that males have greater lactate tolerance due to developed anaerobic adaptations including muscular hypertrophy (Appendix 1). As men have a greater lactate tolerance, they can work at higher anaerobic intensities for longer durations, therefore perform more maximal efforts such as repetitively

As the trials progressed, the strength of the muscles decreased as well because of the experienced muscle fatigue due to the lactate threshold. In

The initial burst of speed and subsequent 5 seconds in the 100m sprint, is fuelled by the Phosphagen ATP- PC system as there is 4-5 times more Phosphocreatine (PCr) readily available in the skeletal muscles compared to that of ATP (1). The initial ATP stored is used within 2 seconds of maximal activity by the Myosin ATPase enzyme to cleave energy, leaving Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

The Wingate Anaerobic Test is used to evaluate anaerobic cycling performance. This study was undertaken to determine whether there is a relationship between peak power and fatigue index for endurance (n=9) vs power (n=4) athletes. A total of 13 subjects, including 8 males and 5 females, were included in the study. The subjects were divided into sporting types, such as endurance and power. Data collected from the Wingate test included peak power (W), mean power (W), time to peak (S), minimum power (W) and fatigue index (%). When the peak power and fatigue index were considered together for endurance athletes, a significant relationship

Before camp, I typically ran four or five miles on the days without a practice, but thanks to the training I received there, I now know how to schedule my workouts to best achieve success. Nowadays, my typical training week includes a long run, a tempo run, two scheduled practices with my team, an easy run, and a day off before a cross-country meet. I also learned what these different types of runs do. For instance, jogging over a long distance allows muscle cells to recruit mitochondria, which improves aerobic respiration, while a tempo run – running quickly for a short period of time – “flushes” the lactic acid caused by the repetitive motion of the long run. Running at

Marathon runners put their body through great physical challenges, but in order to prevent physiologic harm, the normal fluid and electrolyte status of an adult marathon runner is important to know. For a normal adult male, the total body water (TBW) in relation to body weight is about 60%, and in females, the percentage is 50 (McCance, 2010). About two thirds of the TBW resides in the intracellular fluid (ICF), in other words blood, and the rest of the TBW remains in the extracellular fluid (ECF), interstitial and intravascular (McCance, 2010). Depending on the age, sex, percent of body fat and exercise status, the TBW will vary among individuals, which is very important in considering the manifestations of fluid replacement in marathon running (Duvillard et al, 2004).

This group will start the testing by attaining the medical records of the player to see if he is physically and physiologically capable to perform such strenuous activities. After that information is attained we will start by testing the player’s endurance with a two mile run and monitor the times, heart rate, Vo2 max, and try to evaluate the lactic threshold. Thereafter in the following days, we will attain the midfielder’s 1RM in all multiple joint lifts giving us a baseline for our percentages.

What limits the speed and stamina of most endurance athletes is the ability of their heart and lungs to deliver oxygen at a steady rate

In the study conducted by Edward H Robinson and Jeffrey R Stout, the use of one weekly interval session at vVO₂max led to a 3% improvement in vVO₂max and a 6% improvement in running(4).The interval duration was set to be 50% of the individual time that the athletes could sustain vVO₂max (the time that VO₂max can be sustained is called tlimvVO₂max or Tmax) which averaged around 3 minutes. The optimum length of VO₂max intervals is not clear although positive results have been found with a range of different interval lengths from 30 seconds up to 3-4

This is seen when the player begins the game at a HR of 110bpm (Appendix 1), significantly higher than the average resting HR of 70bpm (lower for elite athletes). Consequently, the athlete feels less fatigued once the game begins as fatiguing by-products, such as lactate, would not accumulate as quickly due to higher available oxygen levels. It is recommended that an active recovery post game, like walking or jogging be performed to keep the HR elevated, enabling increased blood flow to the muscles and hence supplying oxygen to clear accumulating blood lactate. Male Touch Football players have a higher relative VO2 maximum (55.8ml/kg/min) compared to females (49.1ml/kg/min), therefore have greater oxygen supply which can be utilised by the muscles during recovery, resulting in a faster recovery (Appendix 2). This is evident as immediately post game males had a higher blood lactate level (7.9mmol/L) compared to females (7.6mmol/L) yet 20 minutes post game, males had a lower blood lactate level (3.2mmol/L) than females (3.3mmol/L) (Appendix 2).

1) Compare and contrast the energy systems used by yourself completing a run/swim/run event of 200m running, 50m swim and 200m running compared to an elite athlete competing in an ironman triathlon (3.8km swim, 180km cycle, 42km run) (2A) (20 marks)

Spectators at sporting events come to watch athletes compete at their best during a game or meet. However, there is more to sports than just “playing the game”, “running the course”, “performing”, or whatever the case may be. Athletes understand how important sport specific workouts are; cross country is one sport that focuses on this. Most people think that “all you do is run”, although running is indeed the task, it takes a combinations of different workouts to build up an athlete’s body in order to be race ready. It is beneficial for cross country runners to do workouts that focus on speed, strength, and endurance.

Ruth (30’s) and James (50’s) plan on running the Great North Run, their different training regiments giving different physiological states during the run. I will explore how each runner’s training will affect these physiological states and what implications these states will have on the runner.

In the world of running, most runners train their whole season for one race. They train for the one important race that will be better than the rest of them for that race is where they will “peak.” For one to reach that “peak” though they must train. Not just any sort of training, the training that will help them get to where they want to “peak” is high intensity training. To understand the objective of this paper, one must know the background of what a “peak” is.