Relationship Between Parenting And Childhood Outcome

Much research has been done on the influence of a mother on a child’s well-being and development (Pougnet, Serbin, Stack, & Schwartzman, 2011). However, research has shown that an engaged and loving father can contribute greatly to a child’s cognitive, social, and psychological development (Bronte-Tinkew, Carrano, Horowitz, & Kinukawa, 2008; Duursma, Pan, & Raikes, 2008; Pancsofar & Vernon-Feagans, 2010; Wilson & Prior, 2010).

Research in parenting styles has found a large amount of correlation between parenting behavior and certain long-term outcomes for children. Specifically, parenting styles have been shown to correlate to a child’s obedience level, school competence, delinquency, violence, sexual activity, antisocial behavior, alcohol and substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and self-perception. The members of your family are the most prevalent relationships you will have in your life. Therefore, they will have the most influence in your future behavior. This paper examines the similarities and differences among authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and neglecting parenting styles and the effects on a child’s development and the resulting adolescent’s behavior.

Webster’s dictionary defines parenting as the process of raising and educating a child from birth until adulthood. As someone who parented four biological children, and earned the title of grandma, I can offer a lot of personal insight into the subject of parenting, and my first pearl of wisdom is that parenting is harder than one would think. Children do not come with an operation manual and it usually only takes new parents only a few days before they realize how blissfully delusional they were. Naturally, well meaning parents who understand the implications of their influence on shaping their child into happy, healthy, and successful adults, are naturally humbled with the awesome responsibility, and seek to develop a parenting strategy with positive empirical results.

Much emphasis has been placed in the field of child development and the role that early providers possess when it comes to the needs of children at the early stages of life. Whether conceptualizing socialization and priming with Locke’s “tabula rosa/blank slate” or Rousseau’s “preassembled moral schema” approach to child development, this “window of opportunity” is both fleeting and permanent. Every interaction molds the individual into the person they are to become, and the bond that the dependent child forms with the caregiver is a precedent to the numerous relationships and attachments they will create as an adult. Granted that the provider/nurturer fulfills the needs of attachment and attentiveness for the offspring, this will determine the success of progressing through child developmental stages, and leads to a higher propensity of social adaptiveness. Inversely, if the aforementioned things are absent in a child’s early years, detrimental effects could occur, including stints in physical, social, and mental development. This is dependent upon the severity and duration of neglect, and has been seen in clinical cases that appears as psychological phenomena to both the general public, and researchers alike.

Throughout life, various peers considered Participant A as a gifted child and frequently labeled as insightful beyond their age, in addition to being selfless, talented and loving. The family took interest on occasion to outdoor outings, camping, and parks. This would provide the opportunity to play openly outdoors and considered a joy for Participant A. This was part of childhood. Nature once again brought good feelings, play, curiosity, and joy with interesting, unique, and attractive natural beings. However, although away from public scrutiny, Participant A endured the impact of parental dependence on drinking, in addition to physical, verbal, and psychological mistreatment and abuse. This brought on a sense of needing to shield oneself

According to Stefanie M. Okeson a Marriage and Family Therapy, Parenting styles do not only play a tremendous role in the development of a child’s mental health, but also affects their physical health as well. Our parents could be the reason to our low self-esteem, social skills or emotions. Parents can have both positive or negative effects on their child. For example, children facing anxiety and that don’t get treated for it are at a higher risk to perform poorly in school, miss out on important social experience and engage in substance abuse. Parenting styles is also the term used to relate to the behavior used by parents to socialize and control the action of children. The goal of parenting is to have a healthy child with competence and character. There are four different types of parenting style,

parenthood and will be extremely motivated and are well resourced. The purpose of this study was to investigate how parents’ sexual orientation can have an impact on their children’s lives. However, Goldberg & Kashy & Smith (2012) suggested that future studies should not only control parental characteristics, but also cautiously examine the children in each group of families. They concluded that investigators should be aware of the results before concluding what influence parental sexual orientation had on children’s gender development, due to the lack of clarity in the field. Goldberg & Kashy & Smith (2012) stated that some lesbian mothers contribute in many ways when it comes to fostering masculine traits in their sons and feminine traits in their daughters. Altogether, Goldberg & Kashy & Smith (2012) have progressed the debate on the idea that parental gender draws attention to the growing and continuing studies of parental sexual orientation and gender roles and how that affects child development, in order to educate society. Jacson, Ianlongo and Stollak (1986) studied the relationships between three parental factors and the presence of both masculine and feminine traits in young adults. Both parents and children self-related femininity and masculinity were also examined. There were a total of 184 participants (75 males and 109 females) chosen from a population of 1780 undergraduates who completed the Short Form of the Bem Sex Role Inventory at the beginning of the term.

Many parenting choices has determined a child’s future also other choices has devastated their paths in life. Some of the better parenting choices that has shaped children future are disciplines, further education, working, money responsibilities, health or sex education, eating habits, social skills, diverse or cultural communities awareness, respect of the law, and charity. However, there are bad parenting choices that halter a child mental and physical structure like poor education, non-parenting involvement with activities, health related issues, un-clarified sexuality, excessive drinking, smoking, drug use, social division, and lack of authority

What gaps are in the literature. Based on brief review of parentification literature, there is not sufficient literature on adult outcomes specifically in the general population as the studies conducted have been done with college samples. Also, there has been a lack of documented research on the effects of culture of origin on adult outcomes. Studies have been carried out to explore the role of race on parentification using university/college samples but not on the general population. Consequently, this research is intended to offer insight on how an individual’s experience of assuming an adult role and taking care of sibling/s, parent/s, and other family members during adolescence can impact their psychological wellbeing in adulthood using a sample from the general population and to compare the differential effects of parentification across cultures.

In the recent years, There has a significant work and studies in the field of parenting and raising children. Many social workers and researchers had been putting a lot of efforts and conducting plenty of studies to find the best methods for parents to raise happy successful kids. Today’s fast paced life and the long work hours had left parents with very little time for their children. However, studies have shown the many negative effects on the kids’ personality and how important it is for caregivers to be with their kids and nurture them. Alice Sterling Honig in her article Raising Happy Achieving Children in the New Millennium talked about how it is a crucial matter for parents to spend enough time with their children, especially in their early years. Communication between children and parents is also very important, although many parents don’t understand that. For instance, when a kid does something wrong parents should talk about why did he do it and why it is wrong, not just send him to his room or spank him. Teaching toddlers and preschoolers that are still discovering the world around them can very challenging, that’s why parents need to have a lot of patience while dealing with little kids, and help them learn right from wrong. Parenting is not about how to be perfect, there is no such thing as a perfect parent or the perfect kid, there will be mistakes from both sides. Therefore caregivers need to focus on how to teach morals and values to their kids, show them

The way that parents raise their children and react to different situations can significantly affect a child’s development. Parents can be classified into three different areas regarding their parenting style: authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive. Authoritarian parents (parent-centered) are those who are classified as strict parents that are demanding and expect their children to follow their rules strictly. They also value obedience and believe that their child should follow their rules without any question (Berns, 2016). In contrast, authoritative parents (democratic) have high expectations, but are supportive/flexible and try to direct their children’s behavior in a give-or-take way (Berns, 2016). Permissive parents (child-centered),

this paper, I will tell you about the four different types of parenting styles. They are authoritarian, permissive, negligent, and authoritative parents. These parents have an impact on how there child will act socially.

Parental style is a very important issue in the development of a child. In fact,

Attention to every stage of a child’s physical, emotional and educative development is “both critical and vital” (Alison Dunn, 2004). Research shows that the care young children receive has dramatic long-term effects on how children develop and learn, how they cope with stress, and how they react to the world around them. “Science tells us that consistently positive and stimulating experiences in their early years helps children’s brains to grow” (Frank Oberklaid, 2008); it can also affect how they continue to learn later on in life.

A major question addressed by this study was whether parenting style influences late adolescence life-skills development. Results indicate that the parenting dimensions of responsiveness, demandingness and psychological control influence late adolescence life-skills development both positively and negatively.