An Experiment To Investigate The Relationship Between Surface Area and Rate Of Reaction
Introduction
The rate of reaction (reaction velocity) may be defined as the rate of change of concentration of a stated reactant or product. The rate of a reaction is found by measuring the amount of a reactant used up per unit of time or the amount of a product produced per unit of time. A reaction can be made to go faster or slower by changing a number of factors. In order for a reaction to occur certain things are necessary: particles must collide with each other and the collision must have enough energy for the reaction to occur. If this happens the original bonds are broken and new bonds are formed - so that new products are formed. Successful
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Also when a collision occurs they have more energy and so are more likely to be successful in breaking and reforming bonds than when they have less energy and are moving more slowly. Therefore the rate of the reaction will increase. As a rule of thumb when the temperature increases by 10C, the rate of the reaction roughly doubles.
The concentration of the acid- The more concentrated the solution, the more particles of reactant are present in a given volume and the greater the chance of a collision occurring. In dilute acids, with fewer particles the chance of collisions occurring is reduced.
Therefore if concentration is increased, the reaction rate also increases. This also applies in reactions between two gases when increasing the pressure has the same effect as increasing the concentration. The presence of a catalyst - A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being used up. Catalysts are usually transition metals. In the presence of a catalyst, less energy is needed by a collision in order to be successful. Therefore there are relatively more successful collisions and so the reaction rate increases. I have decided to investigate how a change in surface area will affect the rate of the reaction between calcium carbonate (marble chips) and hydrochloric acid. The word equation for this reaction is:
Calcium + Hydrochloric -> Carbon + Water + Calcium
Carbonate Acid Dioxide Chloride
CaCO3(s) + 2HCL(aq) = CO2(G) + H2O(l) +
SI unit for amount of substance, defined as the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12.
This website was used on October 3, 2014 to help develop a better understanding of collision theory in order to explain the various factors affecting the rate of reaction.
Used to see if the temperature of the water is at 37oc – 40oc and if
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions, without being used up or changed. Catalase is a globular protein molecule that is found in all living cells. A globular protein is a protein with its molecules curled up into a 'ball' shape. All enzymes have an active site. This is where another molecule(s) can bind with the enzyme. This molecule is known as the substrate. When the substrate binds with the enzyme, a product is produced. Enzymes are specific to their substrate, because the shape of their active site will only fit the shape of their substrate. It is said that the substrate is complimentary to their substrate.
How concentration affects the rate of reaction between Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Thiosulphate Chemistry Coursework How Concentration Affects a Reaction Aim: The aim of this experiment is to find out how concentration affects the rate of reaction between Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Thiosulphate. Introduction: This experiment will be carried out by drawing a cross on a piece of paper and mixing hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate together to see if the cross disappears. The concentration of hydrochloric acid would change every reaction to show that concentration effects a reaction.
Throughput – movement of inputs and outputs through a production process (aka rate of production)
means by the fourth unit it will take 80% of the time of the second and the eighth unit will take
In this experiment we tested the effects that enzymes and substrate have on chemical reaction rates, which is the rate at which chemical reactions occur.. This experiment tested how different concentrations of enzyme and substrate affected the light absorption measurements on a spectrophotometer. The experiment also tested how temperature affected the light absorption, and in a separate test, the effect of the enzyme inhibitor hydroxylamine was also tested. In the first test conducted, 3 different concentrations of enzyme, and three different concentrations of substrate were measured in a spectrophotometer. For the enzyme and the substrate, the measurements got higher as the concentrations were higher, but the over measurements of the substrate were smaller than those of the enzyme. In the second test conducted, the medium concentration enzyme was tested under the temperatures; 4°C, 23°C, 37°C, and 60°C. The measurements in this test got higher as the temperature got higher, but did the measurements under 4°C were overall significantly higher than the other temperature measurements. Lastly, the last test conducted showed that the measurements of the substance with 0 and 1 drop of hydroxylamine inhibitor went up, but the measurements of the enzyme with 5 drops of hydroxylamine inhibitor stayed rather low and did not change much. In conclusion, these experiments showed that chemical reaction rates are sped up with higher concentrations of enzyme, substrate,
quantity of output demanded by households, businesses, the government, and the rest of the world.
-How many times something happens in a given period of time, normally expressed as per minute, per hour and per day.
ii. Production capacity = 480 / 0.5 = 960 units per day @ continuous 100% utilization
To keep this a fair test I have made sure that the acid used is the
This is a fair test because the only thing that is changed is the drop
* Establish a task time. Task time is the average production time allowing for each unit of demand and is calculated by taking the total operating time available during a period and dividing it by the number of units demanded by the customer during that period. Task time
Kinetics of chemical reactions is how fast a reaction occurs and determining how the presence of reactants affects reaction rates. In this experiment the rate of reaction for Fe+3 and I- is determined. Because the rate of chemical reactions relates directly to concentration of reactants, the rate law is used to find the rate constant, and calculated with specified temperatures.