Relationship Between T Cell Regulation And Type I Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is also called insulin-dependent because the pancreas produce little to no insulin due to the destruction of beta cell in pancreas(Bardsley et al, 2004). Therefore, the insulin have to be injected manually for body to function normally. (Seewaldt et.al, 2000) states that in type 1 diabetes, the beta cell located in the islets of Langerhans have antigen that cause the immune system to produce antibodies and kill the insulin producing cells. The autoimmune response is thought to be caused by the autoreactive CD4 and CD8 effector cells that recognise islet self-antigens, as an outcome there is greater than 90% destruction on insulin producing cell BACH (1994). Similarly, (Nakayama et al,2005) and (Kent et al, 2005) supports that insulin in itself is a

T1DM is a chronic condition that during which the immune system is activated to deconstruct the insulin the beta- cells in the Langerhans in pancreas produced.It cannot be prevented by modifiable lifestyle factors nor can it be cured because the exact cause of this auto- immune process is not known (Diabetes Australia, 2015). Early symptoms of T1DM includes hyperglycemia, polydypsia, polyuria, fatigue, dizziness, recurrent skin infections,headaches. Some late symptoms may be severe dehydration, frequent

Type one diabetes is an autoimmune disease. There are cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, the hormone that regulates the amount of insulin in your blood and

Diabetes type 1 develops when the immune system attacks the only cells that create insulin, the pancreatic beta cells. Due to the cells being destroyed, the person with diabetes type 1 has to be

Type 1 is related to the body’s own immune response destroys Beta cell in the pancreas, which are responsible for producing insulin. In a normal immune system fights off viruses and bacteria but for some reason Type 1 diabetes attacks the insulin producing cells creating a total deficiency in insulin. (Diabetes Health Center,

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder, in which the pancreas does not produce insulin. It usually begins in childhood or adolescence. In Type 1 diabetes, the body’s immune system destroys beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone that converts sugar, starches, and food into energy. Without insulin, blood glucose levels become too high, which is known as hyperglycemia. To prevent hyperglycemia, people with Type 1 diabetes must take insulin daily to survive. Genetic and environmental factors affect the onset of Type 1 diabetes. [1] According to the American Diabetes Association, a predisposition to Type 1 diabetes is

Type 1 diabetes is a life long auto-immune condition where the immune system is activated to destroy the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Scientists are not sure what causes this auto-immune reaction (Vanstone et al. 2015). It can occur at any age, although it is most often diagnosed in children, adolescents or young adults. The immune system incorrectly sees the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas as foreign, therefore it destroys them. The role of these insulin-producing cells is to sense glucose in the blood, and in response produce the essential amount of insulin to regulate the blood sugar (Griffiths & Payne 2014 pp. 390-391). Insulin’s role is to get glucose from the bloodstream into the body’s cells. Without insulin,

Diabetes Type 1 is a severe chronic disease, which arises from the lack of insulin caused by the destruction of insulin producing beta cells of the pancreas. It is an autoimmune disease that attacks and destroys beta cells. In a healthy body, the immune system works as a guard, protecting our body from various foreign substances, such as viruses and bacteria, although in case of type 1 diabetes immune system destroys body’s own cells. (CITE)

IDDM also known as type 1 diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disease. The immune system releases the white blood cells which attack and destroy the pancreatic insulin secreting beta cells. Due to this attack little or no insulin is being released by the pancreas, insulin is not being distributed into the blood there for it is not reaching the liver cell which in turn is not activating the insulin receptors which do not stimulate the glucose transport molecules to the surface of the liver cell causing insufficient break down

Usually caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which produce and secrete insulin. By time symptoms develop, the damage to beta cells has progressed so far that insulin must be supplied exogenously, most often by injections. Reason for autoimmune attack is usually unknown, environmental toxins can be factors. People often have genetic susceptibility for disorder and are at increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases. Type-I usually develops during childhood and symptoms may appear abruptly. Classic symptoms are polyuria, polydipsia, and weakness. Acidosis due to excessive production of ketone bodies, ketoacidosis, is sometimes the first sign of diabetes. Blood test that detect antibodies to insulin, pancreatic islet cells, and pancreatic enzymes can confirm diagnosis and help predict development of

Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases which affect the amount of glucose in the blood. The high blood glucose levels are caused by the body not being able to produce enough insulin to meet its metabolic needs. Insulin is a hormone released from the pancreas which controls the amount of glucose in the blood. When there is too much glucose in the blood insulin will be released which will move glucose into the cells. Once in the cells the glucose is used as an energy source or it is stored as glycogen. There are two diseases which fall under diabetes mellitus which are type I and type II. In type I diabetes the body cannot produce insulin due to the destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. Type II diabetes is

DMII accounts for approximately 90% of diabetes in the United States while DMI accounts for nearly 10%. The disease process and clinical presentation may vary so that the types of diabetes are not uniform. DMI caused by beta cell destruction in reaction to an autoimmune response typically displays polyuria, polydipsia and diabetic ketoacidosis. DMII present with hyperglycemia, obesity and may exhibit symptoms of micro- or macrovascular complications. Variations in classic symptoms suggest difficulty in distinguishing diabetes types or

Type 1 diabetes is a life-long autoimmune disease that is generally diagnosed during childhood (Jdrf.org.au, 2014). Type 1 diabetes is a result of autoaggressive T cells that infiltrate the pancreas and destroy insulin-producing β-cells (Betacellmetabolism.org, 2014). As a result the pancreas stops making insulin, and without insulin the body is unable to convert glucose into energy (Diabetesaustralia.com.au, 2014). Consequently, individuals with type 1 diabetes are at risk of a condition known as diabetic ketoacidosis (Diabetesaustralia.com.au, 2014). To counteract the lack of insulin, the body begins to burn fat and muscle as a substitute (Diabetesaustralia.com.au, 2014). This process results in the production of fatty acids called ketones, which are released by the liver to restore energy levels within the body (Drugs.com, 2014). If ketones accumulate in the bloodstream it causes a chemical imbalance (metabolic acidosis) (Chealth.canoe.ca,

Type 1: In type 1 diabetes the cells that produce insulin in the pancreas are destroyed and cannot be made, this type of diabetes usually occurs in childhood due to the autoimmune system attacking and destroying its own cells that produce the insulin, the beta cells in the islet of Langerhans are destroyed and thus unable to produce insulin. This type of diabetes in incurable and is treated with insulin injections.

As previously stated, there is Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Due to the differentiation, the etiology of diabetes is divergent. Being insulin-dependent, Type 1 diabetes is brought about by the immune system eradicating beta cells, leading to the deficiency of insulin. In contrast, Type 2 diabetes has a basis that can often times be prevented to an extent (“Causes of Diabetes”, 2014).